Answer Addiction

Author: Addiction Blog

  • Is buprenorphine an antidepressant?

    Is buprenorphine an antidepressant?

    Can Suboxone treat both opiate addiction and depression at the same time?  Dr. Burson says, “No. Buprenorphine is not an antidepressant”.  But should your Suboxone doctor consider using this opioid to treat the disease of depression? Maybe.  Read more about the potential of buprenoprhine as an antidepressant during opiate withdrawal here.

    What is the disease of depression?

    When doctors talk about the disease of depression, we aren’t speaking of a bad feeling that we all get when having a terrible day. Doctors consult a set of diagnostic criteria that describe a situation of chronically low mood, significant enough to cause considerable suffering. In patients with major depression, we see feelings of low self-worth, hopelessness, and even suicidal thoughts. People with the disease of depression don’t feel pleasure from previously pleasurable activities. We believe this kind of depression is caused by an imbalance of brain chemicals. In the past, scientists thought that the main chemicals affecting mood are serotonin and norepinephrine, and our presently available antidepressants work by adjusting these brain chemicals.

    But over the years, it’s gotten more complicated. As science evolves, we’ve begun to see that other brain chemicals affect mood. For example, estrogen and testosterone, the sex hormones, affect mood.  Also, the stress hormones like cortisol play a role in the control of mood, and also may be a factor in the development of addiction.

    Can opioids affect mood?

    The research on mood and addiction overlap.  Addiction and the brain are interrelated, as are mood disorders and the brain…suggesting future discoveries about how mood disorders and addictions are related. Researchers know that we make our own opioids, called endorphins, which affect mood. At present, we don’t have a way to measure these endorphins, but some scientists believe it’s possible that some people are born with low levels of endorphins. When they use opioids, perhaps they feel “normal.” Without opioids, they may feel chronically low in mood. Perhaps opioids help these unfortunate people to feel like people born with adequate endorphins. This is an exciting area of research, which may help us understand why some people are much more susceptible to addiction than others.

    People who have become addicted to opioids experience withdrawal when they don’t have access to their drug of choice. Besides the physical symptoms, which can be quite severe, many addicts also feel depressed and anxious. When they use an opioid, those bad feelings go away, along with the physical symptoms. So opioids elevate a depressed mood, but the depressed mood was caused by addiction to opioids in the first place. This is the official answer to the question of why some people feel less depressed when taking Suboxone. But it’s probably not so simple.  And to find Suboxone doctors taking patients, you’ll need to look at the SAMHSA listing for buprenorphine physicians or check out the Suboxone manufacturer’s website for more information.

    Is buprenorphine / Suboxone an antidepressant?

    No. Strictly speaking, Suboxone, which is the brand name of the generic drug buprenorphine, is not an antidepressant.

    However, Suboxone is an opioid. All opioids, by stimulating opioid receptors, create feelings of expansive well-being, and even euphoria. This is the “high” that some people become addicted to. If someone is in a foul mood, using an opioid usually produces a much better mood. Suboxone, since it’s only a partial opioid, causes less euphoria, but still can cause this good feeling.  Doctors further prescribe buprenorphine sublingual tablets during opiate withdrawal or for opiate addiction maintenance programs, as its effects are relatively mild and supportive of a better lifestyle.

    Discussion

    Should we consider treating depression with opioids?

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • What is Spice withdrawal?

    What is Spice withdrawal?

    Spice is a designer drug that is a synthetic form of cannabis, or marijuana. Although it was once believed to be a legal and “safe” alternative to marijuana, studies have recently shown that this may not be the case. Synthetic cannabis dangers include heart problems, vivid hallucinations, and even death.  In fact, physical Spice dependence can be dangerous and cause withdrawal syndrome in some users. Plus, Spice can be addictive.

    So what happens during withdrawal from Spice? We review here. And invite your questions about getting Spice addiction help at the end.

    What is Spice Withdrawal Syndrome?

    Spice withdrawal syndrome refers to a set of physical symptoms that a person experiences after they quit using Spice, a synthetic cannabis. When a person becomes physically dependent on Spice, their brain alters some of its functions to adjust for the effects of the drug and maintain homeostasis. Once the drug is no longer available, the brain still functions at this adjusted level, which can cause the physical and psychological symptoms that some experience.

    What is withdrawal From Spice like?

    Because it is a synthetic cannabis, withdrawal from Spice is very stronger than withdrawal from cannabis, or marijuana. Individuals experiencing Spice withdrawal may feel very anxious and suffer from gastrointestinal problems. However, the manifestation of Spice withdrawal symptoms typically depends on the frequency of use. Some users may not experience withdrawal symptoms from Spice at all.

    What does Spice withdrawal feel like?

    Withdrawal from Spice feels like intense anxiety. The first symptoms will usually include an intense craving for the drug and irritability. Other symptoms include anxiety, elevated blood pressure, insomnia, nightmares, headaches, trembling, sweating, and nausea. Depending on the severity of the physical addiction, these symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, although they are usually the worst a few days after last use and begin to subside after this peak.

    What helps Spice withdrawal?

    One of the best ways to minimize Spice withdrawal symptoms is by tapering usage, or gradually reducing the amount taken each day. This allows a person’s body to get used to functioning without the drug slowly, and does not cause a shock to the system.

    Individuals that are trying to quit using Spice on their own can minimize withdrawal symptoms and reduce the chances of a relapse. For instance, staying occupied with activities that don’t involve using the drug can help keep your mind off of it. It may also help to talk to a trusted friend or family member about what you’re going through, so they can be there to help you through strong cravings. Over-the-counter medications can also be used to help relieve some Spice withdrawal symptoms.

    Although it’s usually not necessary, individuals withdrawing from Spice may also want to consider doing so under medical supervision. Drug detox centers allow allow individuals to withdraw and detox from drugs like Spice. The qualified professionals in detox facilities are able to help individuals deal with their physical withdrawal symptoms and work through craving. Doctors can also prescribe short acting benzodiazepines in cases of extreme anxiety, or antidepressants for those with underlying mood disorder issues. Seek professional help anytime you have a history of mental health disorders and want to get off Spice.

    Questions About Spice withdrawal

    It can be frustrating and scary to go through Spice withdrawal. We’re here to help answer any questions you may have and try to help you through this ordeal. If you’re looking for a little advice or just want to share your own experience, don’t hesitate to leave a comment below. We’ll get back to you as soon as we can.

    Reference Sources: FBI – Synthetic Marijuana
    Spice (Synthetic Marijuana) | National Institute on Drug Abuse
    NCBI: Withdrawal Phenomena and Dependence Syndrome After the Consumption of “Spice Gold”

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • Hydrocodone overdose: How much amount of hydrocodone to OD?

    Hydrocodone overdose: How much amount of hydrocodone to OD?

    What exactly is a drug overdose and can you overdose on hydrocodone?

    Essentially, overdose happens when you’ve taken too much hydrocodone.  But the vast majority of drug poisoning deaths are unintentional. So can you prevent an unintentional hydrocodone overdose?  In this article, we’ll explore overdose prevention and review risk factors for hydrocodone overdose. At the end, we invite your questions about hydrocodone and overdose.

    How does unintentional hydrocodone overdose happen?

    There’s a few different reasons why you might accidentally take too much hydrocodone. First, because hydrocodone can cause you to develop opiate/opioid tolerance, you may not be getting adequate pain relief from your prescribed dose. Increasing the amount of hydrocodone taken or the frequency at which you take hydrocodone is an easy way to unintentionally overdose on hydrocodone. Taking hydrocodone to “get high” can also result in an overdose, particularly since users consume larger amounts of the drug than are normally prescribed.  Shooting or snorting hydrocodone apap can also trigger you to OD. Finally, some people intentionally attempt to overdose on hydrocodone as a form of self-harm or a suicide attempt.

    Hydrocodone overdose – How much is too much?

    The amount of hydrocodone that is too much for your body and can cause overdose depends on whether you’ve been exposed to opioids or opiates in the past. In other words, the amount of hydrocodone that is too much for you will be higher if your body is already tolerant to hydrocodone, opiates, or opioids. As doctors increase doses to accommodate patient tolerance, they consider a number of different variables, including your age, weight, general health, and any other medications you might be taking. So, how much hydrocodone is too much really depends on your body, health, etc.

    Safe dosing levels of hydrocodone also depend on the particular formula you’re taking. Hydrocodone is available in different strengths, and typically has some other kind of drug mixed in which can be easier to OD on than hydrocodone alone (ex. acetaminophen, ibuprofen, etc.).

    However, there are some basic guidelines you can follow. 90 mg of hydrocodone at one time is reported as the known lethal dose in medical literature. This is 9 times the maximum amount you might normally be prescribed. But don’t think that just because you’re only taking two or three hydrocodone pills that you’ll be fine – many formulas contain acetaminophen, which can cause severe liver damage at relatively low doses.

    Hydrocodone overdose complications

    The most dangerous complication of hydrocodone overdose is slow or shallow breathing. Hydrocodone overdose can cause breathing to slow down, become more shallow, and even stop. Other medications combined with the hydrocodone may also cause overdose, or make these effects more pronounced.

    Hydrocodone overdose prognosis

    Hydrocodone overdose can be deadly. If you find yourself in an emergency hydrocodone overdose situation, prognosis and recovery without long term damage is possible if breathing has not been compromised. Sometimes doctors will even give you medicine to help reverse the effects of hydrocodone toxicity. In a more serious case of hydrocodone overdose, your doctor may administer oxygen to help you breath better. Even if you survive, the lack of oxygen reaching your brain can cause permanent brain damage, particularly if you don’t receive immediate help.

    Hydrocodone overdose death rate

    Can you die from hydrocodone?  Yes. Unintentional hydrocodone deaths by overdose are unfortunately on the rise.  Part of this is simply because there’s been a nationwide increase in the use of narcotic painkillers.  Overdose and death are more likely in men than women, and both genders are more likely to experience overdose in the working years of their lives. Prescriptions for higher doses of hydrocodone increase the risk of overdose dramatically. And the misuse and abuse of hydrocodone by recreational drug users accounts for a larger portion of the increase in drug poisoning deaths. You can find more up-to-date information about the mortality rate from hydrocodone toxic poisoning, or overdose, by searching the National Vital Statistics System for mortality due to hydrocodone drug overdose.

    Hydrocodone overdose amount questions

    Any kind of hydrocodone abuse will pose the risk of death and overdose. Note that hydrocodone should only be taken swallowed as a whole pill, and only in the doses recommended by your doctor. You’re increasing your risk of overdose when you chew, crush, snort or inject hydrocodone.

    If you have any questions about safe amounts of hydrocodone in your system, please leave them here. We are happy to try to help answer your questions about hydrocodone, and will try to respond with a personal and prompt reply for all legitimate queries.

    Reference sources: DEA: Hydrocodone
    Medline Plus: Hydrocodone
    Toxnet: Hydrocodone
    FDA Safety Communication: Prescription Acetaminophen Products to be Limited to 325 mg Per Dosage Unit; Boxed Warning Will Highlight Potential for Severe Liver Failure

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • Drug addiction: teens, parents, and taking responsibility

    Drug addiction: teens, parents, and taking responsibility

    Teen drug use – are parents prepared?

    I am the mother of 2 adult children. One is an addict who is currently incarcerated due to his addictions, whereas my other adult child rarely has a drink and doesn’t touch drugs.

    A parent’s role in their child’s addiction is a very uncomfortable place to be. As parents, we all think we will protect our children as they grow and steer them towards appropriate choices. We have all read the news accounts of a parent providing alcohol to a group of underage drinkers or a parent using drugs right in front of their children, and collectively shook our heads at their poor parenting. We all think we will notice the signs of abuse, have a plan in place in case of problems, and that a frank talk or some strict rules will keep things on course. We all have read the warning signs of a troubled teen and feel we will recognize that our child is in crisis.

    Young people, alcohol and drugs

    When my children were entering their teen years, I expected that many teens experiment with alcohol, marijuana, and even other drugs as part of their maturing into adulthood. I didn’t plan on condoning this behavior in my children, but neither did I think it was going to be a big deal, as long as we had open lines of communication and had rules and expectations that were in place.

    As my children entered their teen years, we talked about how it was very likely that at some point they would encounter and be offered alcohol or drugs at a party or social situation. We talked about ways to say “no” and how to deal with those situations when they arose.

    My daughter never once exhibited any indication that she had been drinking or using drugs. I would guess that at some point during high school she probably tried alcohol or pot, but I feel to this day that her experimentation was minimal. Overall, I got off terribly easy in her case.

    Adolescent drug addiction – when does it become a problem?

    My son was not such an easy case. I caught him and 2 friends with some alcohol once when he was 14. They felt sick the next morning and I thought it was going to be an isolated incident. I caught him with marijuana about a year later but I took it as fairly normal experimentation.

    As it turns out, he was using MUCH more alcohol and drugs during these years than I ever suspected. Sometimes I did suspect he had been drinking or catch him with a beer cap in his pocket or red eyes or rolling papers. I would confront him and he would minimize and even deny. I thought when he looked me in the eye he was being honest. There is no excuse for me thinking any of this was “OK” except that for awhile I still felt that it was falling under normal teen behavior. His grades were average, he wasn’t getting in trouble, and he seemed to be happy and well adjusted. He didn’t seem secretive or moody and he didn’t have a new group of friends or new pastimes. He liked video games, playing his guitar and swimming – He seemed normal.

    As he became 17 and then 18, it became much more obvious to me that my son was drinking and smoking. Yes, as time went on I became concerned that he wasn’t just using, he was abusing. Yes, I felt that he was developing bad habits and that someday he might find himself with a drinking problem to be addressed. And yes, I felt that there was a huge potential for him to get in trouble legally.

    Adolescent chemical dependency

    I would confront him, argue about it, threaten him, and then things would settle down and days marched on in this manner. But – the question remains – how could I not notice that my child was turning into an alcoholic and addict right under my nose? What could I have done differently to prevent it from happening? I don’t know. I wish I did, I would share the answer to this question with the whole world if it was possible.

    Having no real answers, I can only suggest. Based on my experience, my advice to parents suspecting a problem would be if you suspect a problem it’s probably bigger than you think. Act on it and don’t allow any wiggle room. I wish I hadn’t allowed for “normal” teen experimentation as part of the equation. I wish I had demanded my son conform to my rules and that I had been tougher on him when he didn’t. I wish that I could have foreseen then what I see now.

    Parents, teens and drugs … responsibility matters

    Have you caught your teen drinking or using drugs? How did you handle it? Have there been any further incidents?

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • Kratom withdrawal

    Kratom withdrawal

    You know about Kratom addiction potential -you want to stop using Kratom!  So, what can you expect during Kratom withdrawal? And how can you cope? We explore here, and invite your questions about withdrawal from Kratom at the end.

    Severity of Kratom withdrawal

    From personal and anecdotal experience, the nature of withdrawal from Kratom and Kratom effects on body in terms of severity and occurrence seem to depend on a number of factors. The factors that contribute to Kratom withdrawal include:

    1. Duration of use – The length of time you have been taking Kratom. The longer you have been using it the more severe the symptoms.

    2. Type of Kratom – The type of Kratom you have been taking. Withdrawing from highly concentrated extracts of the alkaloids found in Kratom results in a worse withdrawal experience. Method of administration usually contributes to withdrawal symptoms, but as Kratom snort is not recommended, we assume that you are taking oral doses of Kratom.

    3. Previous mental health issues – Anecdotal evidence from online forums suggests that those who suffered from depression prior to becoming dependent on Kratom find withdrawals particularly difficult.

    4. Personal pain tolerance -It also seems that some people just manage Kratom withdrawals better. There are many who claim quitting Kratom even after more than a year’s daily use is no more difficult than quitting caffeine, while others talk about it like being hell on earth. So there certainly is a subjective element.

    My Experience withdrawing from Kratom

    I have personally withdrawn from Kratom after more than a year’s use and can therefore talk about my own withdrawals which I have been led to believe mirror those of others but not necessarily in their severity or duration.

    I took Kratom leaf twice a day, ever day for over a year. I decided one day to quit cold turkey; I used up the last of my supply and held my breath. I knew what was coming, I had tried to quit in the past but had always given up due to the crippling sadness that had enveloped me.

    Psychological Kratom Withdrawal

    Within 8 hours of my last dose of Kratom, I began to feel anxious and incredibly sad, despondent and plain depressed. It is difficult to describe the sense of loneliness and desolation I felt, everything seemed amazingly bleak. For me, this aspect of withdrawals was by far the most difficult to cope with and it continued for over a month. I must stress again that this was my experience others state that all their symptoms including the despondency disappeared after 4 or 5 days.

    Physical Kratom Withdrawal

    The other symptoms I experienced during Kratom withdrawal were all physical and ‘only’ lasted for 3 or 4 days. These self-reported symptoms during Kratom withdrawal are similar to those seen in individuals undergoing opiate withdrawal but are far less severe. If you have experienced other symptoms, please share them in the comments section of this article. The symptoms of physical withdrawal from Kratom included:

    • anxiety
    • cold-like symptoms
    • insomnia (the tick-tock of the clock just went on and on, night seemed as if it would never end)
    • lethargy/apathy
    • RLS – restless leg syndrome (it felt as if my legs were electrified and this contributed to insomnia)
    • sweating

    Coping with Kratom Withdrawals

    You can get through Kratom withdrawals. Kratom withdrawal can be a mere inconvenience for some and difficult for others. Here are some tips and suggestions based on my own experience about how you can cope during the period of Kratom withdrawal. Again, if you have other ideas, please leave them at the end.

    • I would advise anyone planning to withdraw from Kratom to seek the advice of a sympathetic physician. A prescription for a sedative like diazepam can help with the anxiety and insomnia. The problem is, though, that many doctors have never heard of Kratom and so will not know what to do.
    • You might want to take time off work/responsibilities during the initial stages of withdrawal as it can be very difficult to find the motivation to get tasks done.
    • It is also good to have a friend/loved one with you during the first few days as you can get quite despondent. This should be someone who knows that you are going through Kratom withdrawals and who knows what to expect as you go through the process of withdrawal.
    • If you are prone to depression anyway, then you really need to see a mental health care professional prior to quitting Kratom.

    Kratom withdrawal questions

    If you are going through Kratom withdrawal, you are not alone! We invite your questions about Kratom withdrawal. Or maybe you have an experience or feedback to share with other readers. Please let us know. We try to reply to all questions and comments with a personal and prompt response.

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • Five (5) facts about benzodiazepine withdrawal (you need to know)

    Five (5) facts about benzodiazepine withdrawal (you need to know)

    Benzodiazepine withdrawal can be debilitating. The limbic system in the brain kicks into overdrive. Symptoms such as extreme fatigue, depression, and panic are common. How can you support yourself during the months-years long process of detox from benzos? Quitting a benzodiazepine medication can be made easier if you are prepared for what to expect and equipped with the right information about what benzo addiction is, how you can find the best addiction treatment program for you, and the rehab process entail. Learn more in this Benzodiazepine Addiction Treatment Programs and Help guide. With a section at the end for your questions and comments.

    Benzos overexcite our minds and bodies

    Before we talk about what you can do to support yourself when going through benzodiazepine withdrawal, let’s review how benzos affect the brain.

    There are two opposing systems in the brain: the glutamate and GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) systems. Think of glutamate as the gas pedal: it excites things into action. GABA, on the other hand, puts on the brakes. Benzodiazepines damage GABA receptors so that glutamate is free to run rampant, overly exciting everything in our bodies.

    Without enough working GABA receptors to calm down the excitement from glutamate, our central nervous system goes into overdrive. The limbic system, the region of the brain responsible for flight, fight or freeze kicks into action around the clock. We experience:

    • fear
    • terror
    • debilitating panic

    Derealization and depersonalization are common withdrawal symptoms, as well. Severe depression, crushing fatigue, weakness, dizziness, burning skin, and a host of other debilitating symptoms can occur from taking a benzodiazepine.

    We’re still learning about benzo withdrawal

    It’s true that not everyone taking a benzo will experience a horrific withdrawal. Genetic mutations are the suspected culprits that cause the drug to mangle some brains but not others. However, the exact pathway of damage is not yet known.

    What we do know about the experience of detoxing from benzo withdrawal comes from the collective stories of people who have survived it. The Internet is helping collect information about withdrawal and to disseminate more accurate facts to help people better navigate benzo withdrawal.

    Five (5) benzodiazepine withdrawal facts

    Here are five (5) of the facts that everyone taking a benzodiazepine should know:

    1.  Going to a doctor who is not benzo-wise can make you worse.

    Most doctors are not very well educated about the dangers of benzos or the withdrawal process and symptoms. It is important that you educate yourself by studying the Ashton Manual, the gold standard to date for getting off a benzo. You may want to join one of the new online benzo communities run by benzo survivors that are springing up in response to the global need for help and guidance in benzo withdrawal.

    Rehabs and detox centers are not the place to go to stop taking a benzo. Both taper patients off very quickly, which shocks the brain so to speak. This can result in a more symptomatic and longer withdrawal.

    TIP 1: Consult with a medical doctor with experience in benzodiazepine withdrawal.

    2.  Time is the only thing that heals.

    There are no pills, potions, or lotions that speed up the healing process or make it go away. Some things can take the edge off, however. Many of those things come with a steep price tag of their own to pay when you want to stop taking them. It may be better to gut out withdrawal without adding insult to injury.

    Many drugs, vitamins and supplements make us worse, not better. Compiling the stories of so many that have gone though withdrawal we now know that vitamin D, vitamin B and magnesium often rev up our symptoms. Further, herbs and supplements that work on GABA receptors should be avoided. Kava Kava, Valerian, Phenibut, and Chamomille are known to cause problems.

    Medical marijuana usually makes people have an increase in symptoms. Anxiety, depersonalization, derealization, fear, paranoia and panic can result from smoking or eating edibles. CBD, (cannabidiol) is a marijuana compound that does not cause a high. It is not psychoactive like THC. CBD has been shown to reduce seizures and pain. However, some people in benzo withdrawal react negatively to it. It is best to avoid the use of medical marijuana in benzo withdrawal.

    Many naturopaths, acupuncturists and functional medicine doctors like to prescribe vitamins and supplements. You must do your homework before you agree to take any thing no matter how natural or organic it may be. Not sure how to find out if what you want to take is known to cause problems? Join one of the many online benzo groups and ask other members. Remember, we can’t rely on doctors (yet) because they are not educated about benzo withdrawal. They mean well, however, the often harm instead of help.

    TIP 2: Avoid the following vitamins and supplements:

    • Chamomille
    • Kava Kava
    • Magnesium
    • Medical marijuana
    • Phenibut
    • Valerian
    • Vitamin B
    • Vitamin D
    • Any herbs and supplements that work on GABA receptors

    3.  Watch what you eat. Food can trigger an avalanche of symptoms.

    It’s not just drugs, vitamins, herbs or supplements that can cause an unbearable spike in benzo symptoms. Food can trigger very uncomfortable reactions as well. Many people going through benzo withdrawal become food sensitive. I couldn’t eat garbanzo beans without an increase in symptoms. Salmon revved up my symptoms too. Cane sugar and honey can increase withdrawal symptoms.

    Monosodium glutamate (MSG) needs to be avoided. It is an excitotoxin. Food additives, colorings, preservatives and artificial sugars can increase withdrawal symptoms. Sugar substitutes such a xylitol have been known to cause severe gastro problems. Caffeine and alcohol also make us much worse and should be avoided.

    Benzo survivors usually try many different eating styles in order to feel better. Some try the GAPS diet, while others go Paleo. Some become strict vegans, while others just shun gluten. Diet is personal choice that only you can decide for yourself. Nothing to date speeds up the healing of the damaged GABA receptors, however, some diets do allow us to feel a bit better than others.

    TIP 3: Find a diet that works for you. Look into GAPS, Paleo, vegan, or gluten-free diets. Avoid certain foods like:

    • Alcohol
    • Artificial sugars or sugar substitutes
    • Caffeine
    • Cane sugar
    • Food additives, preservatives, or coloring
    • Garbanzo beans
    • Honey
    • Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
    • Salmon

    4.  Don’t up dose or reinstate unless it is to save your life.

    One of the worse pieces of advice people are given in benzo withdrawal is to take more of the drug if they are struggling while tapering, or to reinstate (go back on the drug) if they are off.

    A process called “kindling” can take place once you have been exposed to a benzodiazepine. No one knows exactly what takes place in the brain to cause this phenomenon. However, we know that it exists. If you go down in dose then go up, getting back down can be even harder the second time. The brain has been “kindled.”

    If you are off the drug, especially for more than four (4) weeks, going back on the drug can backfire. You may become tolerant to the dose you reinstate on, and up dosing will not bring relief. You may be far more symptomatic and tapering may be brutally hard.

    TIP 4: Keep moving down in dose. Once off, stay off, unless you feel your life may be in danger.

    5.  Chances are good your old anxiety will be history!

    Many people who have navigated benzo withdrawal find that the original complaint that drove them to see their doctor is long gone after withdrawal ends. You may be frightened in the midst of withdrawal and feel that your old anxiety has returned. That is your damaged brain misfiring fear.

    You’ll know when withdrawal ends if you still have your original anxiety. (you’ll be able to seek appropriate help if you feel you need to do so.) Once we are healed, many of us feel we are made of titanium. We’ve lived through hell on earth. Nothing much ruffles our feathers. Chances are good that you will feel this way, too.

    TIP 5: No matter how much fear, anxiety and panic you have in withdrawal, know that once your brain heals, it will fade away. The amount of fear you feel in the depths of withdrawal is not the way you will feel the rest of your life.

    Freedom from benzos is a new beginning

    Benzo withdrawal is not a walk in the park for many. However, getting free from the drug increases your health and possibly your life span. For the millions who have gotten free, a whole new life awaits! Many are happier and far healthier than they were pre-benzo or on a benzo.

    You can get free!

    You can be whole, happy and healthy again.

    If you are struggling, please send us a message in the comments section below. We’ll do our best to respond to you personally and promptly.

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • Hydrocodone detection times

    Hydrocodone detection times

    Hydrocodone is most likely to be found on a drug test if you’ve taken it within the last 24 hours. After that, the amounts in blood and urine are low enough that many labs won’t pick up on them.

    Here, we’ll look more at how hydrocodone is metabolized and how it stays in various bodily systems. Keep in mind that hydrocodone narcotic addictive and can lead to side effects hydrocodone withdrawal, even when used as prescribed.

    If you feel that you have lost control over your Norco use and drug seeking behavior, and want to get better…but you are worried about what happens when you finally seek help, you can learn more in this GUIDE on Norco (hydrocodone) addiction treatment programs and help. Your questions about hydrocodone use and detection are welcomed at the end.

    Main hydrocodone uses

    Hydrocodone is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Hydrocodone works by changing the way the body and brain respond to pain; it also affects the part of the brain that controls the coughing reflex, which is why it’s so useful in prescription cough syrups.

    How do you take hydrocodone?

    Hydrocodone is usually administered in pill form, and is only available in combination with other non-narcotic painkillers. These include acetaminophen, and aspirin. Sometimes hydrocodone is used as an active ingredient in cough syrups. However, hydrocodone is usually taken orally, both for medical and illicit purposes. Many people may take hydrocodone in combination with alcohol, which can be extremely dangerous and raises the risk of serious adverse effects.  And you should always take hydrocodone as prescribed.  Can you die from hydrocodone?  Yes, especially when you take hydrocodone more often, in higher doses or in ways other than prescribed (snorting, inhaling, injecting, etc.)

    Peak levels and half life of hydrocodone

    The half life for hydrocodone in the typical adult is just under 4 hours. In fact, hydrocodone reaches its peak level in the blood after about 1.3 hours. The amount in someone’s system will vary on the kind of medication they’ve taken: hydrocodone as a painkiller or anti-tussive cough medication.

    Hydrocodone drug testing detection times

    Hydrocodone is metabolized fairly quickly in the body. It’s difficult to detect hydrocodone in someone who isn’t a heavy or habitual user, especially after 24 hours or more. However, hair sample testing may detect the drug hydrocodone for up to a few months after the last dose. More on the types of drug testing for hydrocodone here.

    Hydrocodone detection time in blood

    Because of its short half-life, hydrocodone is unlikely to be detected in the blood after about 24 hours. A blood test would mostly be useful in cases of medical emergency, impaired driving, or any other situation where there’s reason to believe someone is currently under the influence of hydrocodone.

    Hydrocodone detection time in hair

    Hydrocodone can be detected in hair. Hair testing for hydrocodone can usually uncover substance abuse that occurred several weeks before, a time frame during which urine tests will no longer be accurate.

    Hydrocodone detection time in urine

    Hydrocodone reaches its peak concentration in urine after about 8 hours. At that point, levels of hydrocodone in urine begin to taper off. Depending on the dose taken, hydrocodone may only be detectable for 6-24 hours after taking the drug.

    Hydrocodone and addiction

    Like all opiate medications, hydrocodone is addictive. Hydrocodone addiction is characterized by drug craving, in spite of negative life consequences and even when the drug is out of your system. Even if you don’t get addicted to hydrocodone, users can easily develop a tolerance to hydrocodone, leading them to take hydrocodone in progressively larger doses to achieve original effect. Hydrocodone also fosters a physical dependence, even in people who are using it for legitimate medical reasons like pain management. People dependent on hydrocodone experience withdrawal when they lower dose or stop taking hydrocodone completely. Hydrocodone cannot be stopped abruptly without causing cravings and physical side effects and you should always detox from hydrocodone under medical supervision.

    Problems with hydrocodone?

    If you think that you have a problem with hydrocodone, you probably do. If you’re addicted to narcotics, there are support groups and medical treatments available to help. If you’re a patient with a hydrocodone prescription and you’re having to take large doses for pain relief, speak to your doctor about adjusting your dosage or trying a different medication. If you’ve developed and dependence on the drug, but want to quit, your doctor can help you slowly wean yourself from the drug.

    Hydrocodone detection questions

    Do you still have questions about the detection time for hydrocodone or how long hydrocodone stays in your system? Please leave your questions here. We try our best to answer all legitimate questions about hydrocodone with a personal and prompt response.

    Reference Sources: PubMed Health: Hydrocodone
    Forensic drug testing for opiates
    Wisconsin Crime Laboratory System: Toxicology

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • How much tramadol is too much?

    How much tramadol is too much?

    How much is too much tramadol?  It depends.

    While it’s difficult to overdose on tramadol, you can experience serious health problems at relatively low doses of the medication. This is especially true if you’re not taking tramadol as directed (crushing, injecting, or snorting tramadol hcl), or haven’t taken tramadol before. In this article we explore the various prescription strengths of tramadol, the maximum recommended daily dosage, and fatal dose of tramadol. And we invite your questions about tramadol use at the end. We try to answer all tramadol questions personally and promptly…and if we can’t, we will refer you to someone who can.

    Tramadol strengths

    The available strength of tramadol depends on the specific formulation you are taking and if it’s mixed with other medications, or not. Tramadol is available in an immediate-release tablet which lasts from 4-6 hours. The extended-release version of the medication is only taken once daily.There’s also a version of tramadol combined with acetaminophen, a non-narcotic painkiller.

    1. Generic immediate release tramadol – Generic tramadol tablets are available in 50 mg doses.

    2. Generic controlled release tramadol– The controlled-release version of tramadol comes in 100mg, 200mg, and 300mg strengths. Strengths over 100mg are only for those with a tolerance to the medication.

    3. Brand name tramadol formulas – Tramadol is available in an immediate-release, 50 mg form under the name Ultram. Other brand names include Ryzolt and Ultram ER come in the 100-300 mg doses. Tramadol is also found in Ultracet, combined with acetaminophen, at a dosage of 37.5 mg.

    How much tramadol is safe?

    The safe amount of any narcotic depends on a person’s individual tolerance to opioid medications. Tramadol is always started at a smaller initial dose of 100 mg per day. In patients who’ve experienced more exposure to the drug, safe doses may be as high as 450 mg a day. However, this is a determination that needs to be made by the prescribing doctor, and may change over time as a tolerance to the effects of the tramadol develops.  Similarly, how long tramadol stays in your system is affected by opioid tolerance, individual metabolism and dosing regimen.

    Immediate release tramadol

    People who haven’t taken tramadol before will start out with a low, immediate-release dose. They’ll be prescribed 50 mg tablets to be taken every 4-6 hours for pain – but they may be instructed to only take half the dose, starting at 25 mg for the first few days, so that they don’t take more than 100 mg in one day.

    After using tramadol for some time, doctors will adjust the dosing regimen for each person individually. These tramadol dosing changes take personal medical history into account, especially as it pertains to analgesic pain medications. The current daily dose, degree of opioid tolerance of the individual, and their general health will all be considered when a doctor starts thinking about increasing tramadol dosage.

    Controlled release tramadol

    The starting dose for controlled release tramadol is usually 100 mg a day. This provides continuous, around-the-clock pain relief for people with chronic pain. This may be increased to 200 or 300 mg a day as time goes on.

    If someone has taken a different narcotic for pain before trying tramadol, a higher initial dose may be needed. A tolerance to one opiate medication can result in a heightened tolerance for other, similar medications. The doctor will have to determine the equivalent dose of tramadol for the current dose of any other narcotic that a patient has been taking.

    How much tramadol can you take at once?

    In its immediate release form, no more than 100 mg of tramadol should be taken every 6 hours. Those who have never used the medication before should start on a much lower dose of tramadol, however, because 100 mg may be too much. Furthermore, only one extended release tramadol tablet should be taken at any given time. The maximum dose of extended release tramadol it’s safe to take is 300 mg, because that’s the largest dosage the drug comes in. Taking two of these pills at once could cause very serious side effects, most notably seizures.

    How much tramadol to overdose?

    The amount of tramadol that causes an overdose depends on personal tramadol or opioid/opiate dependence. In individuals without a tolerance, of course, it will take less tramadol to overdose, but the amount is still fairly high. In general, doses greater than 450 mg in one day can cause serious health problems, including seizures and serotonin syndrome. It’s very important to follow your doctor’s advice when taking tramadol, because taking any more than prescribed has the potential to cause serious adverse effects.

    Toxic levels of tramadol in the system

    Levels far below the toxic dose – starting around 500 mg – can easily cause seizures and other serious health issues. But you can overdose on tramadol taking any type of formulation of the medication. And methods of abusing tramadol make overdose more likely. Specifically, crushing extended release tramadol and either snorting it, or dissolving it in water and injecting it, greatly increases your risk of overdose. When taken orally, tramadol is slowly released into the bloodstream over the course of a full day. But high doses of tramadol or snorting or injecting immediate release tramadol can result in near immediate effect of tramadol on the brain and can cause overdose, especially if more than two pills are taken at a time.

    How much tramadol is fatal?

    While taking more than the recommended dosage of tramadol probably won’t kill you, as mentioned previously, this practice has some serious health risks. Overdosing on tramadol is more difficult than many stronger opioid medications – fatalities have been reported at doses between 2.65 and 8.2 g, 5-18 times the recommended maximum daily dosage. So although it would be difficult for an adult to take enough tramadol to be fatal, it’s very easy to exceed the maximum safe dose of 450 mg a day.

    How much tramadol should I take?

    You should take the amount of tramadol prescribed to you by your doctor. Never take more than recommended by a medical professional, and only take this oral medication as directed.  Keep in mind that tramadol show in drug tests that are specific to synthetic opiates, and that tramadol use can be tracked and recorded by your prescribing doctor.

    How much tramadol questions

    Do you still have questions about tramadol use? Please leave us your tramadol questions below. We will be happy to answer you with a personal and prompt response, or refer you to someone else who can.

    Reference sources: Toxnet: Tramadol
    FDA MedWatch: Tramadol hydrochloride tablets
    Medline Plus: Tramadol

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • Crack detox timeline: How long to detox from crack?

    Crack detox timeline: How long to detox from crack?

    Are you or a loved one using crack? Do you wonder how to quit? You’re in the right place.

    To begin, you’ll need to remove cocaine from your body. But how long does crack detox typically last? What happens during the process? For more info on the duration and timeline of crack rehab and detox, what is the best crack cocaine addiction treatment program for you, and what you can expect in our A-Z guide about Crack Addiction Treatment Programs and Help.

    At the end, we invite your questions and comments about treatments for crack detox. We try to respond to all legitimate questions with a personal and prompt reply.

    Crack detox duration and length

    The duration of time it takes to withdraw from crack and the intensity of symptoms varies from person to person. Generally, the first withdrawal symptoms appear within couple of hours after the last dose and persist for few days, peaking about 72 hours after last dose. Following the first week or two after stopping, the brain struggles to regain normalcy and produces intense cravings. And it is common for protracted – or post-acute – withdrawal symptoms (PAWS) to persist for months after initial detox.

    The total time you spend during acute crack detox will depend on a number of factors including:

    • amount of use
    • duration (over time) of use
    • frequency of use
    • level of cocaine dependency
    • your general health

    Another determining factor is how psychologically ready you are to quit using. The first few weeks of crack detox ar, perhaps, the most critical point for slipping into relapse due to intense cravings. However, while detoxing is not easy, it is a necessary part of the whole recovery process. Remember, detox is only a beginning and will not resolve an addiction to crack; psychological and behavioral treatments are necessary.

    Crack detox timeline and schedule

    Once a person stops using crack there are predictable patterns that characterize the post-cessation period:

    0-72 hours

    The period between the first hours to 3-4 days after the last dose is known as the “crash” period and is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, sleepiness and intense cravings. The individual may also feel depressed and have suicidal thoughts, so being surrounded by medical professionals and/or close friends and family is highly recommended.

    Weeks 1-2

    Compulsive behavior persists in the first two weeks after cessation, but decreases as days pass by. During this period, the brain is struggling to adjust to the absence of cocaine and severe cravings can be triggered by thoughts, behaviors, or even smells. Individuals may manifest hostile and impulsive behavior and feel irritated and moody. They could also have trouble concentrating, increased appetite and experience vivid dreams.

    Weeks 3-4

    This phase is known as the honeymoon phase. Cocaine cravings gradually reduce and mood improves. Individuals feel energetic, confident and full of optimism. They want to go back to normal life feeling as if they have kicked the habit. However, it has been estimated that two-thirds of relapse in drug abuse cases takes place within 3 months post-treatment. Further, the treatment of protracted withdrawal symptoms (PAWS) should not be disregarded as this is another critical point when relapse is very likely to occur. For these reasons, ongoing psychological treatment is imperative after acute detox occurs.

    How long to detox from crack?

    It can take months to fully detox from crack and manage cravings for cocaine. How long crack withdrawal can last is highly individual. Crack damages brain functions and it may take three to six months after acute detox is finished for the brain to restore normal functioning. The symptoms that occur in the phase are known as Post Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS) and in most cases these decrease over time. The most common symptoms of PAWS usually include:

    • anxiety
    • depression
    • fatigue
    • insomnia

    Further, it is important to understand that each person’s detox will be different. The duration of crack detox will depend a great deal on the level of a dependency and a person’s individual needs. While the physical withdrawal symptoms from crack detox are most severe within the first week after the last use and reduce with each passing day, the psychological withdrawal symptoms may persist for weeks and even months after cessation.

    Crack detox scheduling questions

    Still have questions about crack detox or scheduling? Feel free to share your questions in the comments section below. We will try to get back to you with a personalized and prompt reply.

    Reference Sources: NCBI: Cocaine and Psychiatric Symptoms
    NIDA: Monographs Cocaine Treatment: Research and Clinical Perspectives
    U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
    VRIS: Substance Use Disorders

    View the original article at addictionblog.org

  • How much Valium is too much?

    How much Valium is too much?

    Valium (diazepam) is an anti-anxiety medication used to treat panic and mood disorders. In this article, we’ll look at safe dosing of Valium as well death from Valium overdose. Your questions about safely taking Valium to prevent addiction or overdose are welcomed at the end.

    Valium strengths

    Valium is avilable as a tablet and may be prescribed in doses ranging from 2 mg to 10 mg, 2-4 times daily. It’s available in strengths of 2mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg. Is Valium addictive? Yes. You can develop a tolerance to the benzodiazepine medication. If you take Valium long term, you can also develop eventual dependence or Valium addiction, especially if you’re taking Valium in high doses.

    How much Valium is safe?

    The recommended daily dose of Valium is 4 to 40 mg throughout the day. People have been reported taking doses of up to 2000 mg and experiencing only minor toxicity. That’s about 50 times the maximum recommended daily dose. So Valium is incredibly safe and very difficult to overdose on if taken by itself.

    How much Valium can you take at once?

    Only up to 10 mg of Valium should be taken at one time, and that’s only in someone with a tolerance for the medication. Taking Valium in large quantities for the euphoric “high” can cause adverse side effects. Because Valium can impair your balance, judgment, and alertness, taking it puts you at risk for accidents. And snorting Valium high can also increase your risk of overdose.

    How much Valium to overdose?

    It’s hard to overdose on Valium. However, Valium overdose is possible, usually in combination with other drugs. Again, at over 1000 times the normal dose, Valium usually causes only minor symptoms. It’s very difficult to overdose just by taking Valium pills. However, when combined with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants, it becomes much easier to overdose on Valium, and can even be fatal. In fact, mixing Valium and alcohol is incredibly dangerous, even in small amounts.

    How much Valium is fatal?

    How much Valium is fatal depends on the situation. Low doses of Valium can be fatal if combined with alcohol, narcotics, or other CNS depressants. Even at very high doses, it’s unlikely to cause permanent harm in a healthy individual on its own. But the side effects of Valium abuse can include terrible withdrawal symptoms and addiction, so it’s still a bad idea to take high doses of Valium recreationally.

    How much Valium should I take?

    You should take the amount of Valium prescribed to you by your doctor. Never take more than recommended by a medical professional, and only take this oral medication as directed.

    Questions about too much Valium

    Want to learn more or have any questions regarding Valium (diazepam) use, addiction, available treatment methods, and what you can expect from your rehab program? We outline in this guide on Treatment Programs and Help for Valium Addiction.

    Please leave your questions  about safe levels of Valium here. We do our best to respond to your queries with a personal and prompt reply.

    Reference Sources: Toxnet: Diazepam
    Medline Plus: Diazepam
    PubMed Health: Diazepam

    View the original article at addictionblog.org