Category: Addiction News

  • Potential Treatment To Prevent Relapse Shows Promise

    Potential Treatment To Prevent Relapse Shows Promise

    Researchers only tested the treatment mechanism out on morphine though they are interested in seeing if it works on other drugs.

    The journal Addiction Biology published research from scientists at the University of Bath which offers a new mechanism for preventing drug-addiction relapses.

    According to Medical Xpress, the Bath scientists collaborated with colleagues from RenaSci and University of Surrey to use an animal model in order to study specific behaviors of rats and mice that sought out morphine after being exposed to environmental cues associated with the drug.

    The scientists then withheld morphine from the rats and mice and then reintroduced the environmental cues. The rodents then lapsed into drug-seeking behaviors. The premise set, the scientists then tested the effect of a brain neurotransmitter blocker called acetylcholine.

    Acetylcholine is crucial to the memory process. Using the blocker on a specific acetylcholine receptor on the rats and mice, the researchers observed that the blocker drug, called methyllycaconitine, or MLA, did not block the rodents from searching for morphine, but did prevent them from ingesting it.

    Moving forward with that information, the researchers honed in on a part of the brain vital for memory, the ventral hippocampus. The venal hippocampus is linked with emotional memory, crucial in the functions of addiction and relapse.

    Relapse is a pervasive reality for those with an addiction to drugs or alcohol. While studies present differing statistics on relapse rates, Science Daily reports that “the majority of addicts return to drug-taking within 12 months of quitting.”

    Triggers for relapse are numerous and range from physical cues such as drug paraphernalia to emotional cues such as a painful setback. The study shows that MLA—at least in animal models—works to prevent relapsing even when exposed to those environmental cues.

    Medical Xpress quotes Professor Sue Wonnacott, from the University of Bath’s Department of Biology & Biochemistry, as saying, “More work needs to be done to uncover the brain mechanisms involved, but it raises the prospect of erasing long-term drug-associated memories that underpin addiction and the propensity to relapse.”

    Dr. Chris Bailey from the University of Bath’s Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology looked forward to more research which could reveal if MLA blocks relapse for other drug addictions besides morphine.

    He said, “We already have evidence, in the same animal model, that it is effective against the more potent opioid, heroin. If MLA has similar effects against other drugs of abuse such as cocaine it would be even more encouraging.”

    Research is being done on relapse prevention using other methods for other drugs, as well.

    This year, a promising study published in Neuropsychopharmapsychology (also done on animals), found that they were able to reduce relapse rates with a drug used to treat diabetes and obesity, called extendin-4. No adverse reactions were found, and research continues to move forward.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Over 200 Common Medications May Cause Depression, Study Warns

    Over 200 Common Medications May Cause Depression, Study Warns

    The researchers described the study as the first to successfully prove that when common drugs are used at the same time, the risk for adverse side effects rises.

    More than one-third of American adults take medications that might trigger depression and thoughts of suicide, ABC News reported.

    According to a new study, more than 200 common drugs, including birth control pills, antacids and beta blockers for blood pressure, are regularly taken despite their known side effects.

    Conducted by researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago, the study examined how 26,000 people used their prescription medications over a nine-year period.

    Researchers first asked the study’s participants to report on the drugs they’d taken in the past month, and then screened them for depression.

    By 2014 (the last year of the study), 38% of all U.S. adults were taking at least one drug with adverse effects. Seven percent of the people who used one of those drugs, the study found, suffered from depression. Perhaps not surprisingly, depression increased with the number of drugs people take at the same time.

    Depression was reported in 9% of the people who took two drugs and in 15% of adults who took three or more at the same time. (Only 5% of the people not taking any of the commonly used drugs had depression.)

    The researchers described their study as the first to successfully prove that when common drugs are used at the same time (termed “polypharmacy”), the risk for adverse side effects rises.

    “The takeaway message of this study is that polypharmacy can lead to depressive symptoms and that patients and health care providers need to be aware of the risk of depression that comes with all kinds of common prescription drugs—many of which are also available over the counter,” said Dima Qato, the study’s lead researcher. “Many may be surprised to learn that their medications, despite having nothing to do with mood or anxiety or any other condition normally associated with depression, can increase their risk of experiencing depressive symptoms, and may lead to a depression diagnosis.”

    As ABC News observed, doctors and health care providers may be blind to depression and suicide risks because the drugs are so common. 

    Not everyone, however, is convinced the study makes its case.

    “It’s hard to prove this link with this type of research. It could in fact be that the drugs are leading to depression. However, it could be that people had pre-existing depression,” Dr. Tara Narula told CBS This Morning. “It could be the chronic conditions they’re taking the medications for… [that is] what’s causing depression and not the drugs.”

    And while Dr. Narula recommended that people read their drugs’ packaging, Dr. Qato counters that very few drugs actually carry warning labels, which only further puts people at risk.

    Qato suggested that depression-recognizing software may be a solution, as it could identify dangerous drug interactions. 

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Massachusetts Could Become Marijuana Research Hub

    Massachusetts Could Become Marijuana Research Hub

    “My vision is Massachusetts could be the number one leading cannabis research state in the world,” said one public health official.

    After Massachusetts voterslegalized marijuana for adult use in 2016, sales of the drug are slated to start this July, leaving many Bay State businesses scrambling to position the state as a leader for marijuana research.

    “My vision is Massachusetts could be the number one leading cannabis research state in the world,” Marion McNabb, a doctor of public health and former global health worker who co-founded the Cannabis Community Care and Research Network in January 2017, told MassLive.

    The law that legalized cannabis in Massachusetts contains a research clause, which allows institutions like colleges, nonprofits and even corporations to buy or grow marijuana for research.

    This isn’t wholly unique—other states including Colorado and Pennsylvania have similar provisions—but with many biomedical and academic establishments in Massachusetts, people in the industry are hopeful that this will open the door to more research.

    “Given the investment in technology, the staggering array of biotech and scientific expertise, it virtually ensures Massachusetts will be an important player,” said Staci Gruber, director of MIND (Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery) at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts.

    However, while marijuana remains classified as a Schedule I drug under federal law, researching it will remain difficult even in states that have legalized the drug. Funding is one of the biggest challenges for marijuana research.

    It is very rare to get federal funding for marijuana research. And institutions like universities and medical schools are hesitant to fund research because they could risk losing their federal funding, especially under an administration that has been vocal in its opposition to marijuana.

    Currently, the only way to study marijuana with federal approval is to obtain samples that are specifically grown for research. However, Gruber said that these samples are different from what is being used by the vast majority of people who consume marijuana.

    “The products the government grows and oversees for research may not have any bearing on products patients are using in the real world,” said Gruber, who has been researching marijuana for 25 years.

    Even without a change in federal policy, the Massachusetts legalization of recreational pot will open new research opportunities, she said. For example, she can ask questions of people who buy cannabis at dispensaries and consume it, without providing the drug herself.

    She hopes that this will help advance marijuana policy, and take the nation out of a gridlock where quality research is prevented by the policy toward marijuana research. 

    “It’s difficult to change laws without empirically sound data, but you can’t do clinical trials that represent what most people are taking,” Gruber said.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • New Generation Of Antidepressants On FDA Fast Track

    New Generation Of Antidepressants On FDA Fast Track

    The medications, which are still in development, may be able to help those who have not found success with currently available antidepressants.

    Pharmaceutical companies are honing in on the potential of ketamine and more to provide fast-acting antidepressant relief, Healthline reports.

    Two examples are Janssen Pharmaceuticals’ esketamine nasal spray and Allergan’s rapastinel (a different, but similarly-acting antidepressant to ketamine), both which the FDA has granted fast-track approval.

    On May 5, Janssen (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson) announced findings from Phase 3 trials of its esketamine nasal spray. The study administered esketamine (a close relative of ketamine) to adults with treatment-resistant depression, in addition to a “newly initiated oral antidepressant,” and discovered a “statistically significant, clinically meaningful rapid reduction of depressive symptoms” compared to the placebo.

    According to a Johnson & Johnson press release, the yet-to-be-approved esketamine nasal spray has the potential to address a “significant unmet need for the more than 30% of people suffering from major depressive disorder who do not respond to… currently available antidepressants.”

    Ketamine is typically administered as a veterinary anesthetic, but off-label use of the drug has become more popular for pain, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression, according to CNN.

    The initial findings of Johnson & Johnson’s research, reported by the BBC in April, found that the nasal spray led to “significant” improvements in depressive symptoms in the first 24 hours. By 25 days, the effects had waned, the report noted, but this does not detract the drug’s potential value as a rapid antidepressant treatment to initiate therapy, said the study’s authors.

    Another potential new antidepressant on the fast track for FDA approval is rapastinel, developed by Allergan. Currently the drug has completed Phase 2 trials and is expecting the results of its Phase 3 trials in 2019, according to Healthline.

    These “rapid-acting therapies” have the potential to be “game-changing in the treatment of depression,” said Allergan executive vice president and chief research and development officer David Nicholson, PhD, in a statement to Healthline. He continued, “Our studies so far demonstrated rapid onset of efficacy within one day, which lasts days after a single dose and a low potential for abuse.”

    Another recent report opens even more possibilities for alternative antidepressant therapies. New research demonstrated that psychedelics (specifically LSD, DMT, MDMA and DOI, an amphetamine) showed positive effects on neural plasticity, meaning that neurons were more likely to branch out and connect with one another.

    Ketamine is said to have the same effect.

    This is a positive development for people living with depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and PTSD, since research has shown that their brain plasticity and neurite growth are less active.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • House Passes 25 Bills To Aid Fight Against Opioid Crisis

    House Passes 25 Bills To Aid Fight Against Opioid Crisis

    The bills cover a variety of issues ranging from improving sober living homes to disposal of unused medication.

    In an effort to lend legislative support to the fight against the national opioid epidemic, the House of Representatives passed 25 bills that would provide crucial support to both government and public organizations to combat the crisis on a number of fronts.

    The bills, authored by both Democratic and Republican representatives, include measures to expand access to the overdose reversal drug naloxone, develop new forms of pain medication that are non-dependency-forming, and allow medical professionals to view a patient’s medical history for previous substance abuse.

    Greg Walden (R-OR), the Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman, and Michael C. Burger (R-TX), Health Subcommittee Chairman, said in a joint statement that the bills are “real solutions that will change how we respond to this crisis.”

    Among the bills passed are:

    • H.R. 449, the Synthetic Drug Awareness Act of 2018, which will require U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams to submit a “comprehensive report to Congress on the public health effects of the rise of synthetic drug use among youth aged 12 to 18,” authored by Reps. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) and Chris Collins (D-NY)
    • H.R. 4684, the Ensuring Access to Quality Sober Living Act of 2018, which will authorize the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to “develop, publish, and disseminate best practices for operating recovery housing that promotes a safe environment for sustained recovery,” authored by Reps. Judy Chu (D-CA), Mimi Walters (R-CA), Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) and Raul Ruiz (D-CA)
    • H.R. 5009, Jessie’s Law, which will require the Department of Health and Human Services to develop the best way to present information about substance use disorder in a consenting patient’s history for medical professionals to make informed decisions about treatment, authored by Reps. Tim Walberg (R-MI) and Debbie Dingell (D-MD)
    • H.R. 5012, the Safe Disposal of Unused Medication Act, which will allow hospice employees to remove and dispose of unused controlled substances after the death of a patient, authored by Reps. Walberg and Dingell
    • H.R. 5327, the Comprehensive Opioid Recovery Centers Act of 2018, which will establish such centers to “dramatically improve the opportunities for individuals to establish and maintain long-term recovery through the use of FDA-approved medications and evidence-based treatment, authored by Health Subcommittee Vice Chairman Brett Guthrie (R-KY) and Ranking Member Gene Green (R-TX)
    • And H.R. 4275, the Empowering Pharmacists in the Fight Against Opioid Abuse Act, which will give pharmacists more information and ability to decline prescriptions for controlled substances which they suspect to be fraudulent or for abuse, authored by Reps. Mark DeSaulnier (D-CA) and Buddy Carter (R-GA).

    Reps. Walden and Burgess noted in their statement that the bills will “make our states and local communities better equipped in the nationwide efforts to stem this tide” of opioid dependency and overdose.

    The House will continue to review related bills on January 14, including H.R. 6069, which will require the Comptroller General to conduct a study on how virtual currencies are used to facilitate goods or services linked to drug or sex trafficking.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • I'm Sorry Daddy, I Won't Be at Your Funeral

    I'm Sorry Daddy, I Won't Be at Your Funeral

    I used to think my relationship with my father was unique, different: complicated on its best day and toxic, disruptive, and unbearable on its worst. I know now it’s not unique.

    I have always known—well maybe not always, but for a very long time—that I would most likely not be attending my father’s funeral. I made that choice in my mind and in my heart a long time ago. Not due to lack of love, but for personal preservation. For my own health. For my own happiness. For my sanity. For my spirit. He didn’t need to be sick for me to envision the day that he would pass; after all if I have learned anything in my 49 years of this journey, it is that we are all dying. And we should not assume it is going to be when we are old.

    My dad was diagnosed with stage 4 cancer a few months back and it had spread to various parts of his body—the prognosis wasn’t good. I really don’t know all the details; most of my family members didn’t speak to me about it, and I take responsibility for not asking. For the ones who stayed silent to protect me and my heart, I am forever grateful. And for those who didn’t whisper a word because they thought I was a self-centered, disrespectful, heartless, unkind, unforgiving, uncaring, cold-hearted, and insensitive daughter, I understand those perceptions too; that is part of my internal struggle and at times exactly how I feel about myself.

    I used to think my relationship with my father was unique, different: complicated on its best day and toxic, disruptive, and unbearable on its worst. I know now it’s not unique. There are many people who for a variety of reasons have infrequent contact (or like me, no contact at all) with one or both of their parents.

    I am what is known as an ACOA: Adult Child of an Alcoholic.

    My parents divorced when I was nine years old, and the oddest thing is I have no memory whatsoever of anything happy or any special moment with my father before that time. None.

    The only memory I have of my daddy from my childhood before age nine is the drunken fighting. The chaos, the yelling, the screaming, the violence; my little brother and me not being picked up from the babysitter’s when it closed because he was out at the bar, and other memories of having to flee the house in the middle of the night. I have no recollection of any Christmas mornings opening gifts under the tree; a birthday party or vacation; a family dinner. No memory whatsoever, although we did all of those things. I know there were happy times, I have seen pictures of our family. My beautiful mom, my little brother, me, and our daddy in slightly cracked, old, seventies pictures looking like a perfect family.

    But after years of therapy, I have learned and continue to learn so much, not only about being the child of an alcoholic but about trauma. I believe that things that terrify you—make you feel unsafe, frightened, scared—far outweigh any good.

    My permanent estrangement from my dad came much later. I am filled with many happy memories after my parents’ divorce: weekend visits, camping, fishing, four-wheel driving in his big truck, snowmobiling, and mostly big family get togethers with all of my aunts, uncles, and cousins. Some would ask if I had forgiven my father for the past, and the honest answer is that I never looked at it in those terms. I didn’t need to forgive my father, I didn’t blame him or hate him; I felt nothing but love for him. Sure, the drinking continued throughout my teenage years, but I ignored the things that bothered me. It wasn’t that bad.

    As I grew into a young adult, got married, and had children of my own, the dynamic changed. Or maybe it was exactly the same, only I saw things through a different lens. I now had two little boys of my own who were witnessing, analyzing, and interpreting, just as I did when I was a little girl. There was no violence or anything of that nature, but wounds don’t always leave broken bones and bruises. The drama-filled drunken theatrics continued and so our relationship was off and on. Off. On.

    For me, the point of no contact with my father came when my younger brother became another alcoholic branch in our family tree. While I was trying to survive a war zone of 911 calls, hospital stays, psychiatrists, psychologists, seven rehab stays, several suicide attempts, denial, blame, and absolute destruction, the drunken late night calls from my father became too much. I never told him how they hurt me, like spraying gasoline on an inferno. I just simply hung up the phone. And eventually the calls stopped.

    That was more than 12 years ago. As in my early childhood, the bad eventually overpowered any good.

    Since I was a little girl, my perception was that alcohol was responsible for everything bad that happened in my life. And I did not come to this realization easily or lightly. Long before I was married, long before I had children of my own, there was my mom. My dad. My brother. And eventually a baby sister. The ones I loved more than anyone else in the whole world. I wish with all of my heart I could have changed some of these dynamics in my family and, God knows, I gave it my best shot. But I know now that task was not mine; it’s just my overdeveloped sense of responsibility coming from an alcoholic home.

    Sadly, my brother lost his battle with alcohol addiction and mental illness in March 2012 by taking his own life. My brother’s drinking affected all of our lives in a negative way. I would have welcomed the chance to sit face to face with my own father if he wanted to and tell him that I understood, and that he should hold no blame where my brother is concerned. We were all in way over our heads. And that I love him, and my brother did too. I wish I had done things differently back then, as I made many mistakes myself. 

    My father and I do not need to work out out differences, we are are out of time. But we could both say sorry for hurting each other, it wasn’t intentional. My brother’s death could have brought our family closer together; he would have wanted that. 

    Perhaps for my dad, the point of no return was when I did the unthinkable. I wrote a memoir of my journey with my brother in the hope of helping other families to see the effects of childhood trauma, to not make the same mistakes, to take a different path, and to change.

    But the truth is my father and I were estranged long before the mention of a book. So, it would not be fair to put our estrangement solely on my shoulders. I only take responsibility for my part.

    After a few months, Dad’s cancer had spread, and I heard that he was hospitalized. I knew he didn’t have much time so, to look after my own thoughts and feelings, I made an appointment with my therapist. I have worked very hard to be a better and healthier version of myself—I take my own recovery very seriously. And I do mean recovery; although I don’t drink, I too had to “recover.”

    As my therapist and I talked for that hour, I accepted what was to come, and what I was sure of: I wasn’t going to cry when he died. Not because there was a lack of love, but I had mourned the loss of my father a long time ago.

    Less than a week later, I woke up early on February 5th, put on my robe, poured myself a coffee, and turned on my iPhone. As I scrolled through Facebook I saw a post, something about heaven got another angel. My father had passed away.

    A whirlwind of pictures flashed though my mind.

    I had completely misjudged my reaction: my eyes instantly filled with tears. I was wrong. I did cry. And cried. And cried. I was overwhelmed with emotion: this is all so messed up; it is not how families are supposed to be. It is not what I would want and totally against who I am.

    I spent the next two evenings crying myself to sleep as I knew it was official—I wasn’t going to the funeral.

    I won’t stay away out of anger, spite, or stubbornness. Whether someone else thinks I am right or wrong, what is best for me is being steadfast and confident in my knowledge that I am the daughter, not the parent. If it had been my instinct to run to my father’s side when he was sick, I would have done that when he was healthy. In my life, I do not react anymore out of pity or guilt, misinterpreting those sentiments as love. I did that most of my life, and I lost my own identity in the process. 

    I will stay away from the funeral, not because I didn’t love my dad, but because I did. We all must live with the consequences of our choices and I am no different from him. I would never disrespect his wife, his other children, his friends, or even some of my own family by being there. I would never want to cause them pain with my presence and I am sorry for their loss.

    My father’s drinking affected my life in a negative way, but that doesn’t mean he wasn’t a good person. He was loved by many, had lots of friends, other children who accepted him for who he was, and he continued a relationship and was married to his third wife for almost 27 years. Most likely, the funeral home will be filled with a couple hundred people. All of this is true.

    My absence just means that on this journey of life, the relationship between him and me wasn’t good for me. It wasn’t healthy and what I needed. And I am allowed to decide.

    It’s days later. While still crying, I am imagining all of those people at the funeral tomorrow wondering why I’m not there; judging and whispering that I am self-centered, disrespectful, heartless, unkind, unforgiving, uncaring, and cold-hearted.

    I have been plagued with the haunting visions of my father leaving his little farmhouse for the last time, knowing he was going to the hospital to die. Looking to the right at the garden where the children had Easter egg hunts, to the left at the creek where we used to snowmobile together in the cold Alberta winters. Perhaps as he got closer to the car, he looked to the right and the garage where we all used to sit in front of the campfire as a family that included my brother, my sister and her daughter, and my husband and me with our sons. Happy. A simpler time, years before all of this fell apart. And then I realized, maybe that isn’t what my dad saw; maybe it’s what I see.

    As I crawled into bed, my feelings of guilt had begun to subside, no more visions of my frail father lying in a hospital room hoping his daughter would arrive. I would have no reason to believe he ever thought that—and I know that is just my heart playing with my head.

    I do wish things were different, and I am sorry that I won’t be at my father’s funeral.

    What anyone thinks of that really has nothing to do with me.

    Sometimes it is hard for the outside world to understand. But for your own survival you need to think of your own needs over and above someone else’s. That is not selfish or callous (I have learned this too). It’s necessary. 

    My tears will eventually subside; they always do. But for tonight, if you don’t mind, I am going to shed tears for the little girl whose Daddy didn’t call.


    Jodee Prouse is a mom, wife, sister, friend and author of the memoir, The Sun is Gone: A Sister Lost in Secrets, Shame, and Addiction, and How I Broke Free. She is an outspoken advocate to eliminate the shame and stigma surrounding addiction and mental illness and empowering women through their journey of life and family crisis. Visit jodeeprouse.com to learn more.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • What's Fueling The Rise Of Meth?

    What's Fueling The Rise Of Meth?

    Ohio, Nevada, Utah and parts of Montana have seen a recent rise in methamphetamine use. 

    In rural Ohio, an increasing number of opioid users are turning to methamphetamine to get high, driven in part by a medication that is meant to help them stay sober. 

    “Right now that’s our biggest challenge—is methamphetamines,” Amanda Lee, a counselor at Health Recovery Services in McArthur, Ohio, told NPR. “I think partly because of the Vivitrol program.”

    Vivitrol is an injectable medication used to support recovery from opioid addiction. It works by blocking opioid receptors in the brain, so that people are not able to get high off opioids. However, Lee points out that when the underlying cause of addiction—like pain or trauma—is not addressed, desperate users simply find a new substance to abuse. 

    “The Vivitrol injection does not cover receptors in the brain for methamphetamines, so they can still get high on meth,” Lee said. “So they are using methamphetamines on top of the Vivitrol injection.”

    Lee said that in her opinion, methamphetamine is much more debilitating than opioids. 

    “There’s paranoia. There is hallucinations. It almost looks like people have schizophrenia,” she said. “Methamphetamines scare me more than opiates ever did.”

    “You can’t really describe the smell,” said Detective Ryan Cain, lead narcotics detective for Vinton County, Ohio. “It’s a combination of lithium out of a battery. A lot of them use Coleman camp fuel. It’s a solvent. They use ammonium nitrate, which is usually out of a cold pack. And all of it’s very cancerous.”

    Trecia Kimes-Brown, the county prosecutor, has seen how meth addiction, like opioids, involves the whole family

    “When you’re living in a house where people are making meth, it’s not just the health effects. These kids are living in these environments where, you know, they’re not being fed,” she said. “They’re not being clothed properly. They’re not being sent to school. They’re being mistreated. And they have a front-row seat to all of this.”

    In addition to meth produced locally, cheap meth from Mexico is now trafficked into Ohio by drug cartels south of the border, according to officials. 

    Ohio isn’t unique in how the drug crisis has shifted. In Kentucky, the focus on preventing opioid addiction also contributed to an increase in meth addiction. 

    “People say, ‘Why do you not have an opioid problem? Why does Daviess County not suffer the same problems?’” Sheriff Keith Cain said last month. “I’d like to say it’s because of progressive police work. But I think the prime reason we don’t have an opioid problem here is because our people are addicted to meth.”

    Nevada, Utah and parts of Montana have also seen a rise in methamphetamine use recently. 

    “Meth is kind of the forgotten drug out there, and it’s still a huge problem in our society,” Lt. Todd Royce with Utah Highway Patrol said last month. “It’s a horrible epidemic and it destroys families.”

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Anheuser Busch Pulls Out Of Federal Drinking Moderation Study

    Anheuser Busch Pulls Out Of Federal Drinking Moderation Study

    The alcohol company was set to contribute $15.4 million over a 10-year period for the study.

    One major backer of a $100 million federal study related to alcohol consumption has pulled out due to surrounding controversy. 

    According to the New York Times, Anheuser-Busch InBev, a Belgian-Brazilian brewing company, was to be one of five alcohol companies financially backing the study, which plans to examine the health benefits of consuming one daily drink. 

    But on Friday, June 8, Anheuser-Busch InBev announced it would be withdrawing funding due to controversy around the study and the sponsorship. The company stated that the controversy would “undermine the study’s credibility,” according to the Times.

    The announcement came via a letter to Dr. Maria C. Freire, who serves as the president and executive director of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health.

    According to the Times, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health is “a nongovernmental entity that is authorized to raise money from the private sector for NIH (National Institutes of Health) initiatives and manages the institutes’ public-private partnerships.”

    In May, the NIH discontinued enrollment for the study due to reports that officials and scientists from the NIH met with alcohol companies to seek out funding and gave the impression that the study outcome would support moderate drinking habits. 

    Nearly 25% of the funding for the study had been contributed by Anheuser-Busch InBev, the Times reports. Of the $66 million in funding, the company was contributing $15.4 million in payments over a 10-year period, beginning three years ago.  

    Andrés Peñate, global vice president for regulatory and public policy for Anheuser-Busch InBev, stated in the letter that the company had initially decided to fund the study “because we believed it would yield valuable, science-based insights into the health effects of moderate drinking.”

    He continued, “We had no role in the design or execution of this research; stringent firewalls were put in place with the Foundation for National Institutes of Health to safeguard the objectivity and independence of the science.”

    The letter concluded, “Unfortunately, recent questions raised around the study could undermine its lasting credibility, which is why we have decided to end our funding.”

    The study is expected to examine the potential effects of moderate drinking such as reducing risk of heart disease, diabetes and cognitive impairment. It is seeking out participation from 7,800 men and women with a high risk of heart disease.

    During the study, half the group will be asked to not drink alcohol and the other half will be asked to have a single drink every day of the week. Participants would be followed for an average of six years. 

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • SAMHSA’s Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit Gets An Update

    SAMHSA’s Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit Gets An Update

    The refreshed online resource offers a variety of strategies, information and advice on how to prevent opioid overdoses. 

    The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has updated its Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit, which contains resources about opioid overdose prevention.

    The toolkit is divided into various sections, depending on the target audience. 

    The beginning outlines the opioid crisis and strategies that can be implemented to minimize overdose deaths. Such strategies include encouraging people to learn how to prevent/manage an opioid overdose, making sure there is access to treatment, having naloxone be easily accessible, encouraging the public to call 911, and encouraging those prescribing medications to utilize state prescription drug monitoring programs.  

    Five Essential Steps For First Responders

    The guide then shifts into a section geared toward first responders and outlines five steps that they should take. The steps include evaluating a person for signs of an overdose, calling 911, giving naloxone, supporting the person’s breathing and monitoring their response. The guide also warns that what appears to be an overdose can sometimes be something else.

    “If a person does not respond to naloxone, an alternative explanation for the clinical symptoms should be considered,” the guide states. “The most likely explanation is that the person is not overdosing on an opioid but rather some other substance or may be experiencing a non-overdose medical emergency.” 

    Information For Prescribers

    The guide also has a section geared toward prescribers, which outlines 12 prescribing recommendations split into three categories: determining when to initiate or continue opioids for chronic pain; opioid selection, dosage, duration, follow-up and discontinuation; and assessing risk and addressing harms of opioid use.

    “When potentially harmful behaviors are identified (e.g., high-volume use of opioids; taking opioids in combination with alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other respiratory depressants; using illicit opioids where contents of substance cannot be confirmed), it is important to offer education that can reduce that individual’s risk for overdose,” the guide states. “Providing basic risk reduction messaging, overdose prevention education, and a naloxone prescription can be lifesaving interventions.”

    The guide also covers legal and liability topics, as well as claims coding and billing for prescribers.  

    Safety Advice For Patients & Family Members

    This section is geared toward patients and family members of patients and covers an array of topics, from the signs of an overdose to preventing an overdose.

    It also outlines best practices for naloxone use and storage. 

    “Store naloxone in a safe and quickly accessible place at room temperature and protected from light,” the guide reads. “Keep all medicine in a safe place where children or pets cannot reach it.” 

    Recovering From Opioid Overdose

    This is the section for those in recovery from opioid overdose. 

    “Survivors of opioid overdose have experienced a life-changing and traumatic event,” the guide states. “They have had to deal with the emotional consequences of overdosing, which can involve embarrassment, guilt, anger, and gratitude, all accompanied by the discomfort of opioid withdrawal. Most need the support of family and friends to take the next steps toward recovery.”

    The guide talks the user through why support is vital in recovery and also has a lengthy list of helpful resources at the end.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Can Psychedelics Really Help Fight Addiction And Depression?

    Can Psychedelics Really Help Fight Addiction And Depression?

    New research explored whether psychedelics can “rewire the brain” and potentially cure a number of ailments.

    New research reinforces the idea of psychedelics’ potential to treat depression, substance use disorder and more, according to Science Daily.

    “People have long assumed that psychedelics are capable of altering neuronal structure, but this is the first study that clearly and unambiguously supports that hypothesis,” said lead author David Olson of the University of California, Davis.

    When a person is experiencing depression, anxiety, substance use disorder or post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), their neurites are affected. Neurites facilitate communication between neurons by bridging the gap between two neurons at the synapse, the point of communication. (Neurites become axons and dendrites.)

    However, when a person is suffering from any of the above, their neurites are not as active. “One of the hallmarks of depression is that the neurites in the prefrontal cortex—a key brain region that regulates emotion, mood, and anxiety—those neurites tend to shrivel up,” said Olson.

    But the research, published in the journal Cell Reports, observed that the psychedelics tested—LSD, DMT, MDMA, DOI (an amphetamine)— had the opposite effect.

    Instead, they promoted neurite growth, increasing both the density of dendritic spines and the density of synapses. In other words, the psychedelics had a positive effect on the brain’s neural plasticity, by making neurons more likely to branch out and connect with one another, according to Science Daily.

    The research observed these effects in rats and flies, but Olson and his team predict that the psychedelics will have the same effects in humans.

    “These are some of the most powerful compounds known to affect brain function, it’s very obvious to me that we should understand how they work,” said Olson.

    The findings offer a greater variety of potential antidepressant therapies. Previously, ketamine has shown promise in treating depression and suicidal ideation.

    According to Science Daily, some of the psychedelics tested in Olson’s research, including LSD, were even more effective than ketamine in promoting neural plasticity.

    “Ketamine is no longer our only option. Our work demonstrates that there are a number of distinct chemical scaffolds capable of promoting plasticity like ketamine, providing additional opportunities for medicinal chemists to develop safer and more effective alternatives,” said Olson.

    View the original article at thefix.com