Author: The Fix

  • FDA: Limiting Opioids Won't Curb Crisis, Responsible Prescribing Will

    FDA: Limiting Opioids Won't Curb Crisis, Responsible Prescribing Will

    The FDA commissioner issued a statement addressing the stigma aimed at pain patients and the need for providers to take a patient-centric approach.

    Strict opioid prescribing regulations are harming some chronic pain patients, according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Scott Gottlieb.

    On Monday, July 9, the FDA released a statement about its Patient-Focused Drug Development Meeting, during which Gottlieb brought up the struggles some patients face because of strict opioid prescribing laws. 

    According to PatientEngagementHIT, there are some instances in which patients, such as those those facing “metastatic cancer pain management and chronic migraine management,” are best fit for a long-term opioid prescription.

    “Tragically, we know that for some patients, loss of quality of life due to crushing pain has resulted in increased thoughts of or actual suicide,” Gottlieb said in the statement. “This is unacceptable. Reflecting this, even as we seek to curb overprescribing of opioids, we also must make sure that patients with a true medical need for these drugs can access these therapies.”

    While Gottlieb acknowledges that prescribing regulations are necessary in order to fight the opioid crisis, he also says those strategies are negatively affecting patients who rely on the medications for pain management.

    Gottlieb and his colleagues have learned through patient workgroups that patients in need of pain management say they feel stigmatized and have a difficult time building healthy relationships with care providers.

    According to Gottlieb, simply banning opioids or increasing the difficulty of obtaining a prescription is not the solution to the issue. He says instead, better education needs to be available to providers and opioid prescribing should take a “patient-centric” approach, taking patient “preferences, needs, and patient education approaches” into account.

    “Balancing the need to maintain access with the mandate to aggressively confront the addiction crisis starts with good medical management,” Gottlieb said in the statement. “All patients in pain should benefit from the skillful and appropriate care of their pain. It’s also critical that we take this same aggressive approach to changing the culture of medicine around treating pain… Patients in pain deserve thoughtful, careful and tailored approaches to the treatment of their medical conditions.”

    The statement also outlines steps the FDA has taken to push responsible prescribing methods. For example, the FDA released a blueprint for drug manufacturers focusing on how they can educate prescribers. Additionally, the FDA is working with medical professionals to develop resources for clinicians.

    “We need to be mindful of this history, learn from it and make sure that we act aggressively to confront new trends that may continue to fuel the current crisis or lead to a new epidemic of addiction,” Gottlieb explained.

    The FDA also stated that combating the opioid crisis should not involve limiting or banning opioids, but instead has to do with better education about practices.

    “Our goal is to support more rational prescribing practices, as well as identify and encourage development of new treatment options that don’t have the addictive features of opioids,” Gottlieb said in the statement. “In this way, we’ll help ensure that we’re not unnecessarily putting patients as risk of addiction by overprescribing opioids, while also maintaining appropriate access to care for patients with serious pain. In pursuing these goals, we must make sure that patients inform our work.”

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • News Groups Demand Opioid Distribution Data Be Made Public

    News Groups Demand Opioid Distribution Data Be Made Public

    Media outlets want access to the info to support their coverage of the opioid epidemic and increase public accountability by manufacturers.

    Some of the nation’s top news organizations, including the Washington Post, are demanding that the federal government release information about the sale and distribution of controlled substances by pharmaceutical distributors and manufacturers.

    The information, which is part of the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) federal opioid distribution database, was turned over as potential evidence in the hundreds of lawsuits filed against pharmaceutical companies for their alleged role in the national opioid crisis.

    The media outlets want access to the information to support their coverage of the opioid epidemic and increase public accountability by manufacturers.

    As the Associated Press reported, the government consented to submit opioid distribution data culled from 2006 to 2014 from its registry to these lawsuits, but with the requirement that it only be used for legal and law enforcement purposes.  

    But on July 9, 2018, lawyers for the Washington Post and HD Media, which owns West Virginia’s Charleston Gazette-Mail, filed a request in a Cleveland federal court for release of the records. The Associate Press, along with other news groups, has also requested access to the information.

    “Where releasing records would merely bring embarrassment or adverse publicity to a corporation or a government agency, the records must be disclosed,” wrote Post lawyer Karen Lofton in a court filing on July 9. “In this case, disclosure of the distribution data would cause no conceivable harm to patients or other innocent individuals. If anything, their interests would be advanced by the public accountability that would be demanded in the wake of such disclosures.”

    Pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors are opposed to a public release of the information, as is the government, which argued in a court filing in June that making public the database information would have a negative impact on not only the companies’ distribution methods, but also criminal investigations and state public record laws.

    But lawyers countered by pointing to a 2016 article by the Gazette-Mail that revealed that drug companies made available more than 700 million pills to West Virginia residents between 2007 and 2012, a period in which more than 1,700 individuals in the state died from opioid overdoses.

    The Gazette-Mail obtained the information from drug shipping sales records sent by the DEA to West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrissey’s office and made public by a West Virginia district judge.

    The lawyers presented the decision to release the information and the story that resulted as a prime example of why the national distribution data should be made public.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • A-Bombs & Bruno Mars: DEA Releases 2018 Drug Slang Guidebook

    A-Bombs & Bruno Mars: DEA Releases 2018 Drug Slang Guidebook

    The unclassified guidebook is intended to help law enforcement personnel navigate the lingo used to refer to drugs.

    High Times has noted, with no small degree of amusement, that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), has issued the 2018 edition of its handbook “Slang Terms and Code Words: A Reference for Law Enforcement Personnel,” which presents both new and evergreen terms for drugs and related issues, including sales, measurements and geographical locations.

    According to the National Drug Early Warning System, a research group funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the unclassified guidebook is intended to assist law enforcement personnel in navigating the myriad of slang terms used to refer to drugs.

    The 2018 edition is laid out in a manner similar to the 2017 guidebook, which presented long-standing terms with newer ones in italics, but adds a cross-referenced alphabetical list, which boosts the page count to 125—several times larger than the seven-page 2017 edition.

    According to the High Times report, marijuana has the largest single entry in the listing, incorporating both widely known terms like “pot” and “reefer” with more obscure and enduring terminology like “cheeba,” “dank” and “Acapulco Gold.”

    Among the 2018 additions are “A-bomb,” which is used to describe marijuana mixed with heroin; “manteca” (a relatively venerable term with Afro-Cuban heritage reaching back to the 1940s) to; “green crack” and “greenhouse,” and “bionic,” which is marijuana mixed with PCP.

    Several strains of marijuana also make the list, including Tangie OG—spelled Tangy OG in the guide—Girl Scout Cookies and Train Wreck.

    Synthetic cannabinoids also enjoy a diverse lexicon, ranging from “kush” and “spice” to what the guide labels as newer brand names like “Bombay Blue” and “Yucatan Fire,” while marijuana concentrates/hash oil—a new listing for 2017—are a similar mix of established nomenclature (“dabs”) and terms well known in marijuana culture and less so among law enforcement (“rosin,” “bubble hash”).

    Cocaine and heroin both sport their own substantial lists, with “chicanitas,” “comida dulce” and “puma” among the former’s new terms (though the DEA has apparently never heard of the pungent “Booger Sugar” prior to this list) and “chocolate shake,” “churro negro” and “huera” currently trending, so to speak, for heroin.

    “Goofballs”—a Beat Generation term used to describe heroin mixed with methamphetamine—also appears to have been revived for the 2018 list.

    Substances like steroids (“Arnolds,” “gym candy”), PCP (“Ashy Larry”), mescaline (“love flip,” when mixed with ecstasy) and GBH (“Bruno Mars”) each merit a listing, as do measurements—one kilogram has apparently been referred to as a “can of paint” or “pillow”—and the cities of Los Angeles (Los Shorts) and New York (Towers or Up Top).

    A lengthy list of miscellaneous terms for very specific activities is also included, (i.e., Coordinates of Maritime Rendezvous Sites and Smuggling Route are “Las Dirrecciones”). The guidebook concludes with a massive alphabetical list for easier reference.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Prescription Opioid Use And Its Connection To The Criminal Justice System

    Prescription Opioid Use And Its Connection To The Criminal Justice System

    A new study examined the link between people with a history of prescription opioid use and their involvement with the criminal justice system. 

    Individuals with a history of opioid use are up to 13 times more likely to be involved in some manner with law enforcement or justice system officials, including arrest, parole or probation.

    Those are the conclusions suggested by a new study that explored what NPR described as the “intersection of the criminal justice system and the ongoing opioid epidemic.”

    Data from more than 78,000 respondents to a national survey on drug use found that prescription opioid users were more likely to have some involvement with the criminal justice system than those with no history of opioid use; opioid users were also more likely to suffer from chronic health issues and have higher susceptibility to overdose upon release from the prison system.

    The study authors also suggested that greater access to alternatives to incarceration or treatment within the prison system could have a significant impact on lowering these rates.

    The study, conducted by researchers from New York University, the University of Colorado School of Medicine and Kaiser Permanente’s Institute for Health Research, among other institutions, examined information culled by the National Survey on Drug and Use and Health from 78,976 respondents—all U.S. residents between the ages of 18 and 64—including substance use, socioeconomic status and health.

    Involvement with the criminal justice system was defined by three criteria: whether the respondent had been recently arrested, released on parole or placed on probation.

    The data suggested that only 3% of the general population with no history of opioid use—prescription or other forms, like heroin—fell into those three categories.

    However, 20% of respondents who said that they had a dependency on prescription opioids and 40% of those who reported using heroin had some level of involvement with the criminal justice system.

    The data also revealed that individuals reporting opioid use or dependency were more likely to have some form of health issue, whether a mental illness or chronic health conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    Using this information, the researchers opined that the criminal justice system needed greater involvement in providing treatment for individuals with opioid dependency.

    They noted that many prison systems do not offer medication-assisted treatment (MAT), which has been regarded as the most effective means of treating opioid issues by several studies.

    Individuals in the criminal justice system who do not receive some form of treatment are more likely to experience a lower tolerance to opioids and in turn, a greater chance of overdose upon release, according to 2012 research conducted with former inmates.

    Study lead author Tyler Winkelman, a clinician-investigator at Hennepin Healthcare in Minneapolis, also suggested that placing individuals in treatment facilities instead of jails may prove more effective in breaking the cycle of dependency and incarceration. “We need a response that will ideally prevent people from entering the criminal justice system,” he noted.

    The NPR coverage cited a 2016 study, which reviewed rates of death by overdose among inmates exiting the Rhode Island Department of Corrections after it began a medication-assisted treatment program for its prison population. The study suggested that overdose deaths dropped by nearly 61% among that demographic—an “unheard of” drop in mortality rates, according to study author Josiah Rich, a professor of medicine and epidemiology at Brown University.

    “At this point of the epidemic, we can’t afford to not put people on treatment,” he added.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Artie Lange: Howard Stern "Did Not Understand Addiction"

    Artie Lange: Howard Stern "Did Not Understand Addiction"

    The comedian opened up about addiction, alcoholism and his relationship with former boss Howard Stern on an episode of the Dopey Podcast.

    Artie Lange, best known for his gig as the “everyman” sidekick on The Howard Stern Show, recently opened up about how addiction destroyed his relationship with the legendary shock jock.

    Lange’s struggle with substance abuse has been lengthy and highly publicized. Over the years, the troubled comedian has routinely bottomed out while in the spotlight, ranging from canceled stand-up appearances to his suicide attempt in 2010.

    He’s also had his police mugshot taken a number of times during his career, including three arrests in 2017 alone. Still, perhaps the most infamous fallout from Lange’s demons remains his firing from Stern at the end of 2009—a blow that clearly casts a long shadow across Lange’s career. 

    Guesting on the Dopey Podcast, Lange revealed just how unmanageable his life had become in 2009 thanks to cocaine, heroin, pills and booze. Despite seeing the root of his problems, Lange’s behavior ended his otherwise wildly popular run on the radio show.

    Even worse than his addled on-air appearances, Lange suggested, was the uncomfortable position he had put Stern in.

    “Howard did not understand addiction. He gave me the best job ever and he is a genius,” he affirmed on the podcast. “I was on the show for over eight years, but towards the end I was a complete addict.”

    Lange likened his relationship with Stern to “a son-and-dad kind of thing,” which potentially made Stern’s decision to fire the comedian more complicated.

    Lange also disclosed that he was earning $4 million a year from The Howard Stern Show, in addition to a variety of other opportunities, such as a starring role in the 2006 comedy Beer League.  

    Shortly after being let go from Stern, Lange’s drug problems and depression worsened. In 2010, he attempted suicide. And while Lange eventually recovered from the incident, it’s obvious that he hasn’t entirely gotten over being fired from the highly-rated program.

    In recent months, Lange has even taken to blasting his former boss on social media, threatening to post Stern’s private phone number online. Interestingly, as Lange continues to escalate the feud, he doesn’t fault Stern when it comes to comprehending the true depths of his addiction.

    “He didn’t know the extent of it. There’s no way he could’ve,” he told Uproxx. Lange added that even though Stern couldn’t grasp just how far gone the comedian was, he tried to get Lange the help he so desperately needed.

    Stern even connected him with a therapist, put him into a treatment center, and encouraged him to take all the time he needed to find sobriety.

    During the podcast interview, though, Lange indicated that Stern’s efforts were as generous as they were futile. Lange was straightforward and serious about the reality of his addictions, admitting that he might soon relapse and never find long-term sobriety.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • How One Rural Community Is Fighting to Save Lives from Drug Overdose

    How One Rural Community Is Fighting to Save Lives from Drug Overdose

    “I don’t want another parent to pick out a casket. I don’t want another grandparent to have to look a grandchild in the eye and say ‘your momma is gone.’”

    The Driftwood Motel on Oak Island, North Carolina, has seen better days. All around it, pastel-colored vacation homes with kitschy names like After Dune Delight reel in tourists with promises of beachfront sunsets and shaded hammocks by the pier. Though the Driftwood Motel is also painted in cheerful pastels, the paint is flaking off in dry strips and littering the ground next to cigarette butts and busted beer bottles. Rhonda C. lives on the bottom floor of the Driftwood with her bed, couch and kitchen furniture crammed into a room with dark sheets that cover the windows. She is one of the motel’s many long-term residents – people drawn in by the $100 a week price tag who end up staying far longer than they had planned. A gray-haired, matronly woman, Rhonda looks after the other residents, especially the young ones who drift in and out in various stages of inebriation. She hadn’t been able to offer them much, until she met Margaret Bordeaux.

    Margaret is a petite, African American woman, quiet and unassuming until you get to know her fiery side. As an outreach worker for the North Carolina Harm Reduction Coalition, Margaret runs a mobile harm reduction unit in Brunswick County, a sparsely populated rural community hugging North Carolina’s Southeast coast. Brunswick is also one of the counties hardest hit by drug-related deaths in the state. At least once a week Margaret drives its lonely roads, seeking out places like the Driftwood Motel that collect people who have lost every other home. Thanks to a grant from the Aetna Foundation to combat the opioid epidemic, Margaret has a van stocked with supplies to help reduce drug-related death and disease. She gives out naloxone (a medicine that reverses overdose from opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, and prescription painkillers), syringes, and other resources, and she teaches people how to prevent, recognize and respond to an overdose.

    “I make friends and develop relationships in Brunswick County,” says Margaret. “Many of the people I’ve met here thought that naloxone and clean syringes were magical things only available in [cities]. No one has been coming out here to offer these services until now.”

    Some people are wary when Margaret first pulls up because they have been treated poorly by health care workers and aren’t accustomed to a warm, non-judgmental person offering them free services. But after a few visits, Margaret wins them over.

    “My whole life I have rooted for the underdog and the underserved,” says Margaret. “I want to care for people that society doesn’t care for. People use superficial reasons to ignore each other and I want to remove those reasons and say, hey, there is a person here.”

    Kathy Williams is one of the people whose lives Margaret has touched. A middle-aged, Caucasian woman with a defiant personality, Kathy’s backstory is the stuff of nightmares. She raised two kids as a single mom, Josh and Kirby. As an adult, Josh married a wonderful woman and had two children. Kirby struggled with drug use, and whenever she hit a rough spot, Josh and his wife would take her in and help her get back on her feet. But in 2011, Josh’s car was t-boned by a school bus. He, his wife, and both their young children died in the crash. The loss hit Kirby hard. Her drug use escalated and five years later, she too died of a drug overdose.

    Kathy tells this story completely dry-eyed. It’s as though she has endured so much pain that nothing can faze her anymore. These days she is raising her 14-year-old grandson, Kirby’s child, and also caring for her own aging parents. She is also one of the founding members of B.A.C.K. O.F.F., an organization of Brunswick County families who are fed up with losing their loved ones to drugs. What started as a support group in March 2017 has morphed into an organization with a mission to educate people about the realities of drug use and to help save lives.

    “A mother is not supposed to bury her child,” says Kathy. “I don’t want another parent to pick out a casket. I don’t want another grandparent to have to look a grandchild in the eye and say ‘your momma is gone.’”

    B.A.C.K. O.F.F., which stands for Bringing Addiction Crisis Knowledge, Offering Families Focus, makes and distributes overdose prevention kits containing naloxone to families with a loved one who uses opioids. They also spread awareness about North Carolina’s 911 Good Samaritan law, which protects people from prosecution if they seek medical assistance for an overdose. B.A.C.K. O.F.F. members provide community, resources and support for families impacted by drugs and offer space for honest talk about drug use. No denial, no sugarcoating, no pithy slogans about just saying no. Real talk from real families caught in the same struggle. But not everyone is willing to speak up.

    Elsewhere in Brunswick County, Alex Murillo has been trying to convince Hispanic parents who have lost child to drug poisoning to get involved in B.A.C.K. O.F.F. It hasn’t been easy.

    “Many Hispanics here deny that drug use is happening in their families,” says Alex, who recently lost his 19-year-old nephew to overdose. “If a parent loses a child to overdose, they say they died in their sleep. No one wants to talk about it.”

    A tall, dimpled man with a perpetual smile, Alex’s cheerful demeanor hides a tragic history. Alex is originally from Mexico. When he was brutally raped at 12 years old, his parents threw him out of the house, claiming he deserved to be raped because he “acted gay.” At 15 years old, Alex married a girl, but the marriage made him so miserable that he decided to come to the United States where he hoped to be able to express himself more freely. At the border he was apprehended by a human trafficking cartel and forced into sex slavery.

    “They forced me to take drugs. They beat me and pimped me out,” he says. “I was so shocked. I didn’t think things like that happened in the U.S.”

    Alex eventually escaped. He tried to join a church community but was turned away after admitting he was gay. He attempted suicide, but his brother found him passed out from a bottle of sleeping pills and took him to the hospital. When Alex woke days later, his attitude on life had changed.

    “I was surprised to be alive,” he says. “But I realized that I was still here for a reason and I decided to dedicate my life to helping other people.”

    Today Alex owns a small Hispanic tienda in Brunswick County where he offers help to anyone who comes to his doorstep, whether they are seeking food, advice, or help paying rent. Every year he hosts a multicultural festival in his store parking lot, though other Brunswick County residents have threatened to shut it down because they are unhappy with the area’s growing diversity. He is also happily married to his husband, who works in the store and supports Alex’s outreach efforts. Alex hopes to become more involved in educating the Hispanic community about drugs.

    “We can’t just ignore this problem. The drugs are in our schools. They are everywhere,” says Alex. “We need to do more outreach to the Hispanic community to teach them how to talk about drugs with their kids. They can’t just tell kids not to do drugs. Kids see their friends doing it and they want to try too. We need to have honest conversations as a community.”

    Margaret, Kathy and Alex may be an unlikely team, but together they are working to bring resources and hope to a county that has suffered devastating loss. Little by little, their efforts are making a difference. Margaret has helped people enter drug treatment programs and reconnect with family members where ties had been severed. Alex is making headway on opening up conversations about drugs in the Hispanic community. B.A.C.K. O.F.F. provides Kathy with an outlet to teach families how to help their loved ones who use drugs.

    “I used to look at a person who uses drugs as an addict, but now I look at them as someone’s brother, son or family member,” says Kathy. “I feel that if we had had these tools like naloxone, overdose education, and a support group years ago, my daughter might still be alive today.”

    At a small Mexican diner where we meet for lunch, I ask Kathy what her message is to people in rural communities impacted by drugs. For a moment, she is quiet. Finally she says:

    “I want people to know they are not alone. You might think you are alone, but there are so many of us going through the same thing. We can hold each other up.”

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Non-Profit Launches Foster Care Program For Kids Affected By Opioid Crisis

    Non-Profit Launches Foster Care Program For Kids Affected By Opioid Crisis

    The Georgia-based program is “designed to help children from newborns to the age of 21 years find a loving home.”

    A Georgia nonprofit called Christian City Children’s Village has plans to begin its own foster care system due to the alarming number of children being left parentless at the hands of the opioid crisis.

    According to a media release on the organization’s website, foster care needs in the state have increased 100% in the past five years, bringing the total number of children to more than 15,000. 

    In February, Christian City introduced the Crossroads Foster Care & Adoption Program, which provides “private and public foster care, foster-to-adoption and public adoption” for children within a 50-mile radius of Union City, Georgia.

    “We wanted to respond to this issue by increasing the number of loving homes available to children in foster care and that is when we decided to launch the Crossroads program,” Len Romano, President & CEO of Christian City, said in the release.

    The program serves newborns to age 21 and provides training, home studies, support and access to the Christian City thrift store for families that are interested in adoption or foster care.

    According to the website, the program is “designed to find and equip wonderful families for children in need of a loving home… Permanency is the ultimate goal for each child through either reunification with the child’s birth family or adoption.”

    “We offer a crisis program for the foster child and adoptive parents. If a caregiver reports to us the child is under distress when acclimating to their new environment, we bring the child back onto the Christian City Children’s Village campus for 48 hours. Here, we give the child the attention and any skills they may need to help them reintegrate into their new home,” Michaela Guthrie, Program Executive for the Crossroads Foster Care and Adoption Program, said in the media release.

    Beginning July 1, Christian City started a contract with the state of Georgia to assist the Georgia Division of Family and Children Services (DFCS) in placing children in appropriate foster or adoptive homes.

    In other words, CBS46 states, children from the DFCS can be referred to the Crossroads Foster Care & Adoption Program. 

    “A lot of children who come into the foster care system have faced various types of trauma, whether it be abuse or neglect,” Guthrie told CBS46. “So, we really want to make sure that the families that will be taking care of them from this point in time and maybe a forever home.”

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Narcan Administered At Record Pace In Boston

    Narcan Administered At Record Pace In Boston

    New city stats reveal that there were over 3,000 “narcotic-related illness” ambulance trips in 2017.

    In 2017, Boston’s first responders ran thousands of ambulance trips and administered Narcan for opioid overdoses in record numbers.

    New statistics revealed that Boston not only has a rising opioid epidemic in its own population, but that opioid use in the visiting population has risen alarmingly.

    According to the Boston Herald, Boston Emergency Medical Statistics revealed 3,557 “narcotic-related illness” ambulance trips to city hospitals in 2017—up from 2,848 in 2016.

    Twenty-nine percent of Boston’s narcotic-related ambulance trips were for patients who reported living outside Boston, EMS numbers show; this is a staggering 58% jump over 2016.

    Police and medical experts warn that 2018 could be just as bad with no signs that the drug epidemic is letting up. Boston police think it could be cheap heroin luring people with addiction to use in Boston.

    State police spokesman Dave Procopio told The Boston Herald that the drug fentanyl is increasingly laced into heroin to increase dealers’ profits.

    “Some users are actually seeking out fentanyl because it’s more potent,” said Procopio. He noted that the State Police Detective Unit for Suffolk County reported that a majority of current overdoses involved fentanyl.

    The Fix reported that some medical experts are seeking another avenue for reviving patients who have ingested fentanyl. The drug is so powerful that Narcan often does not work effectively.

    “Compounds like fentanyl, carfentanil, and other synthetic opioids act for longer periods of time,” said Dr. Roger Crystal, CEO of Opiant. “The concern is that naloxone’s half-life doesn’t provide sufficient cover to prevailing amounts of fentanyl in the blood.”

    Patients who overdosed with fentanyl in their system often have to receive multiple injections of Narcan over a period of time to be revived.

    Dr. Paul Biddinger, director of the Emergency Department at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, told The Boston Herald of the increasing number of Boston overdoses. “We don’t know what the cause is. The cost? Fentanyl? Unfortunately, it’s not going away for a while,” he said.

    The city of Boston reported that funds acquired to address the opioid epidemic are going to be put to use in the Boston Post-Overdose Response Team, or PORT. The program will be expanded and its hours increased.

    Paul Biddinger encourages “families, loved ones, even bystanders” to obtain and learn to use Narcan to save overdose victims.

    Of course treatment is necessary for recovery, but Narcan saves the person’s life so that they are here to participate in that recovery, he says.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Can Severe ADHD Predict Video Game Addiction?

    Can Severe ADHD Predict Video Game Addiction?

    A new study explored whether there was a connection between ADHD and video game addiction.

    While debate continues to swirl about the validity of video game dependency, a new study has opined that individuals with severe symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may also be more prone to develop an equally severe dependency on video games.

    The study profiled gamers, types of games, and amount of time spent playing games, and found that while a small percentage of respondents had ADHD symptoms, those individuals also exhibited tendencies toward more problematic behavior during play and longer periods of game play.

    Though the study size and actual number of participants with ADHD were limited, the study authors concluded that gamers with ADHD symptoms may want to look into the risks of excessive video game play.

    The study, conducted by researchers from Loma Linda University and published in the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, was culled from an online survey of 2,801 video game players taken between December 2013 and July 2014. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 57, with an average age of 22 and 4.3 months; 93.3% were male and 82.8% were Caucasian.

    After factoring the age and gender of each participant, the researchers also measured the responses by types of game and time per week spent gaming, and used the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales, which measure the presence and degree of ADHD symptoms to determine severity of ADHD, if applicable.

    Their analysis found that only 157, or 5.6% of respondents had what could be described as clinically significant ADHD symptoms.

    Upon analyzing those participants’ conclusions, the study authors suggested that in regard to type of game and length of time devoted to play, the severity of ADHD symptoms were linked to severity of video game dependency. They also put forth the notion that younger players could be at greater risk to develop more problems with video game play than older players. 

    The authors also acknowledged that several factors posed limitations to the study’s conclusions, including the relatively small sample size number of participants with diagnosable ADHD. Lack of female participants, which accounted for only 6.7% of respondents, also posed limitations on the study’s findings.

    Despite these limitations, the study authors did suggest that “individuals who report ADHD symptomatology and also identify as gamers may benefit from psychoeducation about the potential risk for problematic play.”

    Take a look at these safer natural alternatives to adderall for ADHD symptom management.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Oklahoma Public Schools Increase Drug Testing For Students

    Oklahoma Public Schools Increase Drug Testing For Students

    The decision comes on the heels of the state’s voters passing a measure to legalize medical marijuana.

    A public school district in Oklahoma will double the number of students that will be required to undergo random drug testing in the coming school year.

    The move comes on the heels of a recent decision by state voters to pass a measure that allows for legal use of medical marijuana without a qualifying condition, but Bret Towne, superintendent for Edmond Public Schools, said that the increase was “coincidental” with the bill’s passage.

    According to coverage by High Times, more than 700 of the 3,000 students in the district who participate in extracurricular activities will be randomly tested for drugs this year.

    Random drug testing for students in Edmond Public Schools, which has been conducted largely among students in extracurricular activities for the past six years, was reduced two years ago after funding for the district was subjected to cuts. But at a meeting on July 2, the Edmond school board voted to return to previous testing levels, which is the number of students they are legally allowed to test.

    According to Towne, the board’s decision was not directly influenced by the passage of SQ 788, which allows patients to use marijuana for medical purposes after obtaining a recommendation from a qualified physician.

    Unlike most medical marijuana measures, SQ 788 requires no pre-existing health conditions to qualify for the medical marijuana program, and according to Towne, that element was cause for alarm among some parents. 

    “My concern is how it’s going to affect students on campus and the availability [of medical marijuana],” he told Oklahoma’s KFOR News. “We always worry about students having easier access to it.”

    But while the decision to increase the number of tests was a simple matter of voting, deciding how the school district will handle the issue on a broad scale will require more debate.

    As High Times noted, SQ 788 allows anyone 18 years or older to use the drug with a doctor’s recommendation, and grants permission to minors aged 16 to 17 to use medical cannabis as long as they have recommendations from two doctors.

    According to Towne, he’ll wait to see how the Oklahoma Department of Health will rule in regard to medical marijuana use on campuses, and then meet with state school board officials to consider revisions to their current policy. Currently, prescription medication are held and distributed to students by a school secretary. 

    But as Towne said, applying that policy to medical marijuana is “a little bit different situation [sic].”

    View the original article at thefix.com