Author: The Fix

  • Raphael Saadiq Explains How His Brother's Addiction Inspired New Album

    Raphael Saadiq Explains How His Brother's Addiction Inspired New Album

    “The record is not really about just Jimmy Lee. It’s more about everybody has a Jimmy Lee in their life, you know? It’s universal,” Saadiq said about his new album.

    An NPR profile of singer/producer Raphael Saadiq looked at the painful family history that informed his new album, Jimmy Lee.

    The solo release—the first in eight years for the former Tony! Toni! Toné! frontman/bassist, who’s also produced songs for John Legend, Mary J. Blige and Solange Knowles—is a “little darker” than previous efforts, according to Saadiq, who drew from his brother’s life and death from a drug overdose in the 1990s for its title and lyrics.

    In the interview with NPR, Saadiq hoped that his brother’s story might resonate with others in similar situations.

    “The record is not really about just Jimmy Lee,” he said. “It’s more about everybody has a Jimmy Lee in their life, you know? It’s universal.”

    Family Trauma

    As a feature on Saadiq in the New York Times noted, his family life was marked by repeated tragedies: an older brother, Alvie Wiggins, was murdered in 1973 during an argument with a family member, while another brother, Desmond, took his own life in 1987 after battling drug dependency.

    The album’s namesake, Jimmy Lee Baker, succumbed to heroin addiction after contracting HIV, while Saadiq’s sister, Sarah, was killed when her vehicle came into the path of a police chase in 1991.

    Though the album is titled Jimmy Lee, the songs “are a reference to everything,” Saadiq told the New York Times, adding, “I couldn’t name it after all of them.” It’s also a departure of sorts from the polished soul and R&B that has defined his body of work as a band member, producer and solo artist. “It’s probably the most honest record I’ve made,” he explained. “A lot of it relates to me. It was like a mirror.”

    But in titling the record Jimmy Lee, whom Saadiq spent more time with as a child than some of his other siblings—his father, a former boxer and blues guitarist, had 14 children by various women, including Saadiq’s mother, Edith James—the singer found a reference point for addressing a wider canvas of issues, from his own childhood to addiction and the war on drugs.

    “When I came along, Jimmy was, well, he was pretty much an addict at that time,” Saadiq told NPR. “But being a kid, you don’t know what an addict is. So, I saw him as being pretty normal. I might have thought maybe he was an alcoholic or something… I didn’t know anything about heroin.”

    Prison Visits

    Saadiq’s experiences with his brother, which included frequent visits while he was behind bars (“I just thought we were going to Disneyland on a weekend,” he recalled), gave him perspective on the subject of addiction and the narcotics trade, and how it still impacts people like his brother. This record, said Saadiq, was his chance to give others the tools and information that his brother lacked—and in doing so, to help put to rest some of his memories of his brother’s difficult life.

    “I feel like people are not educated at a young age to know, like, ‘Okay, you have a choice to go behind bars and become a number and for somebody to to profit off you for free labor, and it’s enslaving your brain, your mind,’” he said. “It’s just taking so much away from you.”

    Jimmy Lee is available now from Columbia Records.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • How I Learned to Show Up for Life Without Alcohol

    How I Learned to Show Up for Life Without Alcohol

    Sobriety means—or will come to mean—different things for different people. But I can attest to one thing: The path is beautiful, and the difficulties you may encounter along the way are worth it.

    You would think that being smart enough to get into an elite university would mean I’d be “smart enough” about recognizing the signs of my disease. It took me a nearly fifteen-year drinking career, a six-year engagement, at least five psychiatric hospital visits, and maybe fifty face-to-face run-ins with actual, imminent death before I knew something had to change. 

    Forced to Change

    This time, the change would have nothing to do with my intellectual rigor, the dynamic quality of my ideas, or really anything in terms of my personal pursuits. Neither was this about a spiritual makeover of sorts, or a renewed commitment to my health. I was forced to change or face the end. I hadn’t even turned 30 yet.

    My engagement—a union with an emotionally absent partner, the result of my desperate need to not be alone with my demons—was becoming more and more codependent, unhealthy, and financially dominating, and less and less loving, protecting, viable. Still, we smiled in all of our pics. 

    The hardest thing to admit was that I could no longer pursue “the life of the mind” when my own mind was lost—null—from an almost continuous state of being under the influence.

    The process of recovery has not been easy, even three years down this road. While I have since become comfortable not drinking, and with telling people that I don’t drink, it wasn’t always that way. There were times I felt not only uncomfortable but sad, and at times jealous or angry, wishing I could have a drink. There were times of full-body anxiety that made the sober life seem like another kind of death sentence. 

    But I am fiercer now. I defend my right to be well. 

    Recovery as Self-Love and Self-Preservation

    When Audre Lorde said that self-love is an act of political warfare, I think part of what she meant is that if I care about myself, then I have to defend my sole, autonomous house—my body. I take Lorde’s words to heart when I think about my own recovery—that I indeed have had to become defensive about my health. Being in active recovery is a lifelong process of sticking up for yourself—your best self and your worst self. It is also a way of being that demands you treat your body as a temple, rather than an outhouse. 

    Now that I haven’t touched a drink in three years, not only have the clouds lifted, but I know what to do when life gives me rain. 

    Today, I have to be diligent about my health and about the truth of my alcoholism. It is a disease with branches in the family tree(s). It is also a disease that can go from dormant to full-fledged before you’ve had time to give it a name.

    The myth of drinking as self-care (at least for some of us) was apparent in the ways I had been taught to “decompress” from the stressors of graduate studies, a place made all the more difficult to navigate as a black, mixed-race woman (who has struggled with anxiety, depression, disordered eating, and of course drinking—my favorite form of self-love and self-abuse). 

    The truth is that I loved drinking enough to have developed a habit of it. At the time, I loved what drinking did for me (despite the pain of what it was doing to me). It brought me a social life, it furnished me with (false) self-confidence. 

    It also stole time from me. So many years spent in various states of relative alarm—how to get my drinks for the day and morning after, if I had enough money (somehow I always did), would I be able to last through that 12-step meeting without a drink?

    Clearly, I wasn’t ready to heal yet. 

    I can’t tell you when I became ready, or precisely what day it was; I had been on and off the wagon so many times that I’d stopped believing in myself. 

    What I did want to believe in was the line of thinking that told me I could control my disease and drink like normal people. If I could control it, maybe I would be “cured.”

    Seizures, Psych Wards, and Liver Failure

    My thinking changed when I had my first withdrawal-induced seizure. 

    Or was it after my second major stint in a psych ward? When did I become ready to change? Was it when I resorted to hiding liquor in shampoo bottles? Oh, I know—it must have been when my eyes started to turn yellow (though I remember still drinking—at that point, having to drink—in the face of these obvious symptoms of liver failure).

    Eventually, the dreadful condition of being caught in the throes of all kinds of dependency caught up to me, as they do for the luckier alcoholics among us. 

    When you’re in the midst of active addiction, it’s the drug that keeps you “alive” and “well.” But when you’re in recovery, you see the drug for what it is—the thing that is killing you and keeping you unwell. To complicate matters, your drug was your best friend—the friend who was there when you were stressed, sad, or having suicidal thoughts… never mind that it was the same friend who implanted these thoughts in your mind to begin with. 

    Not everyone thinks of alcohol abuse as an illness or disease, and that’s okay. What isn’t okay is the promotion of cute slogans like “wine not?”—in a world where more women are abusing alcohol than ever before. 

    Getting sober from alcohol coincided with my decision to withdraw from my studies abroad. Becoming dependent on alcohol had largely destroyed my independent spirit—the same one that had guided me to want to study abroad in the first place. 

    For years I had chosen alcohol as my drug of choice—what I “used” when things were going well, not well, and also when I was well, or unwell. My kind of drinking was pure self-destruction—mind you, I had continued to tell myself it was a feasible form of self-care. Plus, I deserved it. At the end of the day, if you worked hard, you deserved some kind of reward, didn’t you? That’s why they invented martinis, wasn’t it?

    I’ll spare you the details of my last hospital stint, but it was arduous, and at times left me hopeless, wanting to burn the wagon if possible. Now I had to learn to live and cope with life without that substance, and accept that in the end, the drug chose me.

    I Made It Out Alive… And I’m Thriving

    Fast forward three years, and what I really want to talk about is all the amazing things that can happen when you’re not drinking—being willing and able to forge authentic relationships with people, for example, and learning what it means to heal emotions through the body. Oh, and meeting people, whether romantically or as friends, does get weird, though in some ways more exciting. 

    The list is long, and I am learning new things about myself, but I think it imperative we put a new spin on recovery rhetoric—not all of it is a struggle, there is so much to take delight in. There are things that will pleasantly surprise you (like getting a real good night’s sleep). 

    I eventually accepted that my kind of sobriety from alcohol would have to be a total one.

    Because the severity of alcoholism lies on a spectrum, there are people who can drink alcohol and not become addicted (must be aliens), there are folks (total weirdos) who can just stick to one drink. But I know after many years of trying and lying to myself, that I am not one of them… and never will be

    Likewise, there are many ways to get sober and no one right path. Sobriety means—or will come to mean—different things for different people. But I can attest to one thing: The path is beautiful, and the difficulties you may encounter along the way are worth it.

    This summer I am celebrating three years (okurrrrrrr?!) of sobriety from alcohol. I do not define myself any longer by my disease. Of course, I work to ensure I never lose sight of the fact that my disease isn’t ever “going away,” but recovery sure beats bodily warfare, chronic sickness, and a fear of the future. 

    Today, I identify as an artist, a writer; and more specifically as a Catholic witch, poet, and intuitive. If you told me during my drinking years that I would one day not only make it out alive but drink-free for over 1,000 days, I’d say you were lying. But here I am, not just surviving but thriving. I have my sad days, but I let them be what they are. It’s good to cry sometimes. It’s good to feel your feelings. Now, I have an array of tools and ways for navigating those feelings, especially when I think of the darknesses of my past. But mostly, and most importantly, I feel excited for the future. Now, I show up to life. And as long as I can show up to life (and for life), my intuition tells me it is bound to be an amazing ride.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Michigan Reduces Opioids After Surgery, Patients Fare Fine

    Michigan Reduces Opioids After Surgery, Patients Fare Fine

    A new study examined information on patient satisfaction and outcomes in the seven months following the release of new opioid prescription guidelines in the state.

    The state of Michigan implemented opioid prescribing guidelines that resulted in people receiving fewer painkillers after surgery—but patients taking fewer pills did not experience more pain after procedures, according to a new study. 

    The study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, looked at information on patient satisfaction and outcomes in the seven months following the release of new opioid prescription guidelines in Michigan. The study examined results for nearly 12,000 patients, and found that the average number of pills patients were given following a surgery was reduced from 26 to 18. 

    Controlling The Numbers

    Despite the drastic reduction, patients reported “no clinically important changes in pain scores,” the study authors found. 

    Study author Dr. Joceline Vu, a surgical resident at the University of Michigan, said that controlling the number of opioids people are given after a surgery can help reduce their risk for long-term use, and can help avoid introducing people to opioids. 

    “For healthy people, surgery may be the first time they are exposed to opioids,” she told ABC News. 

    On average, Michigan physicians prescribed eight fewer opioids per patient after the guidelines were released. Patients took, on average, three fewer pain pills. The percentage of prescriptions that were for fewer pills increased from 20% to 59% during the seven months of the study. 

    Dr. Joshua Sharfstein, who has studied the opioid epidemic as a professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said that the study shows that changing recommendations can have a real impact on doctors’ habits. 

    “The results here are promising,” he said. “Most [physicians] prescribe by routine, and changing those routines is hard. This shows that some changes are possible. It is important that this study be read, and people realize that changes are possible.” 

    Before the statewide guidelines were issued by the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative, there was no standard that doctors could turn to for guidance on how many opioids to prescribe. Vu explained that doctors always wanted to be sure patients had enough pain pills, so that patients would report that they were satisfied with their surgical experience. Having lower patient satisfaction could affect ratings for doctors and hospitals, she noted. 

    However, the study found that patients did not experience increased pain levels when they were given fewer opioids. This shows that reducing the number of opioids prescribed is an effective way to mitigate the risks of opioids, without compromising patient comfort, the researchers say. 

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Undocumented Immigrants Face Mental Health Challenges 

    Undocumented Immigrants Face Mental Health Challenges 

    “I feel like I’ve lived my entire life in this country on survival mode,” said one woman about her experience as an undocumented immigrant.

    After moving to the United States when she was 11, Azul Uribe thought she was like any other first-generation immigrant. However, just before her 22nd birthday her family revealed that she was undocumented. Thirteen years later, that information still impacts her mental health. 

    “I’d gone from being this really gregarious, social, extroverted person to not being able to go to the grocery store when there were other people around because I felt like I was having a heart attack,” Uribe told USA Today

    Uribe is just one of millions of undocumented immigrants in the United States who are facing mental health challenges, often made worse by the hard-line anti-immigration rhetoric favored by the Trump administration. 

    “It really impacts your ability to thrive,” said Esmeralda Zamudio, a California psychologist who works with undocumented immigrants. 

    California resident Liliana Campos says that even though she now has a green card, she still lives with the trauma from being undocumented. Now, as the Mental Health Advocate at Immigrants Rising, she helps others cope with that stress. 

    Stress and Trauma

    “I feel like I’ve lived my entire life in this country on survival mode,” she said. “I don’t know anything else but continuing to fight for my community and myself, hoping that we will have justice and access to what we deserve as human beings.”

    Cultural differences in recognizing and responding to mental illness make treating immigrant communities even more complex, said Andrew Lorenzen-Strait. In his role as director of children and family services at the Washington, D.C.-based Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service, Lorenzen-Strait works with many undocumented people. 

    He said, “What I found to be unique about the migrant community is so often they do not realize they have a mental health condition. And they don’t even know to ask for help. And they don’t even know how to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress issues or even the highest issues schizophrenia, bipolar, because that type of issue and condition is foreign to them.”

    Lack Of Healthcare

    In addition, many immigrants do not have health insurance or the means to pay out of pocket for mental health care. Gustavo Guerrero, an undocumented musician, pays $150 per session for therapy to cope with issues related to his immigration status. At that price, he can’t afford more than one session a month, even though the issues are always on his mind. 

    “You’re driving, you’re working, you’re sleeping in your home, you’re picking up your kids from school, you’re constantly thinking about it,” he said. 

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Trump Says Ketamine Derivative Can Help Veterans With Depression

    Trump Says Ketamine Derivative Can Help Veterans With Depression

    Trump recently told reporters that he has instructed “top officials” at the VA to order esketamine.

    President Donald Trump ordered the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to purchase a large amount of a ketamine derivative as a means of combating rising suicide rates among military veterans.

    While en route to a veterans’ conference in Kentucky, Trump told reporters that he has instructed “top officials” at the VA to order esketamine, a medically viable variation of ketamine in nasal spray form that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of depression.

    Trump’s Request

    Trump’s request countered a decision by the VA’s medical board to exclude esketamine from the list of drugs in its hospital system, save for extreme cases without results from any other medication.

    Trump told reporters that esketamine—which is marketed under the brand name Spravato by troubled pharmaceutical company Johnson & Johnson—has had a “tremendously positive” effect in tests involving patients with depression.

    However, as The Atlantic noted, test results produced a very different result, with just one of three clinical trials showing any benefit. And though approved for use by the FDA, the agency’s support hinged on using the drug with an oral antidepressant, and only in cases of severe depression that have not shown response from other treatments. The FDA even published a report in mid-August 2019—a week before the president’s statement—that viewed esketamine as less reliable than a placebo.

    The VA’s Stance

    The VA did not comment on its decision to exclude esketamine from its drug supply in 2019, but did note that it would be available for “occasional use” in extreme cases of depression. The president’s comments did not appear to change that stance: spokesperson Susan Carter told The Atlantic that it will “closely monitor” esketamine use in veterans and may consider revising its guidelines “if warranted.”

    Ketamine—an anesthesia medication used to assist sedatives and painkillers in cases of surgery or major injuries—is also known as a recreational drug for its hallucinogenic properties. More recently, the drug has been put forward as treatment for a host of mental disorders, including treatment-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Though small clinical trials have yielded some positive results, others have shown that ketamine’s effectiveness as a depression treatment is limited.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Inside Seattle's Progressive Approach To Drug Policy

    Inside Seattle's Progressive Approach To Drug Policy

    Instead of ramping up criminal penalties for non-violent, minor drug offenses, Seattle is providing a chance to get help.

    Seattle is a beacon of progressive drug policy—a model for helping, not criminalizing, drug use.

    According to a New York Times op-ed by columnist Nicholas Kristof, the city has rejected the age-old “war on drugs” and has instead taken a different approach—one that relies “less on the criminal justice toolbox to deal with hard drugs and more on the public health toolbox.”

    Instead of ramping up criminal penalties for non-violent, minor drug offenses, Seattle is providing a chance to get help.

    The Birth Of LEAD 

    In 2011, the Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) program was created in the city.

    Under the program, non-violent people arrested for “law violations driven by unmet behavioral health needs”—e.g. drugs—are diverted to a “trauma-informed intensive case-management program” that may include transitional or permanent housing or treatment, according to the LEAD website. This way, they bypass the criminal justice system, which is often said to only exacerbate their issues.

    “People are hurting inside. That’s why they’re using in the first place,” said Chian Jennings, a 45-year-old woman with a history of drug abuse who was referred to LEAD.

    She told Kristof, “It was probably the best thing that happened to me. It saved my life.”

    Encouraged by its success, 59 municipalities across the U.S. also offer, or will offer, the LEAD program.

    According to a 2017 study, LEAD participants were 58% less likely to be arrested again and 46% more likely to have a job or get job training.

    Drug Prosecutions

    Last September, King County (in which Seattle resides) stopped prosecuting cases involving possession of less than one gram of drugs including heroin and cocaine.

    Dan Satterberg, the prosecuting attorney for King County, shared with Kristof that while some may not be happy with the humane treatment of people who use drugs, it’s better than the alternative: locking up people who are already struggling.

    Satterberg is guilty of perpetuating this drug war strategy himself—but as he told Kristof, he would see firsthand why that strategy was not working.

    His younger sister, Shelley Kay Satterberg, passed away last year of a urinary tract infection. She was 51. Her cause of death was the culmination of years of drug and alcohol abuse, Satterberg said.

    Kristof seems to have a lot of faith in the direction Seattle is going in, in terms of drug policy. “Seattle is undertaking what feels like the beginning of a historic course correction, with other cities discussing how to follow,” Kristof writes.

    He added, “If the experiment in Seattle succeeds, we’ll have a chance to rescue America from our own failed policies.”

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • 2020 Presidential Candidates Detail How They'd "Turn The Tide" On Addiction Crisis

    2020 Presidential Candidates Detail How They'd "Turn The Tide" On Addiction Crisis

    All of the candidates approached the drug crisis as a public health issue, emphasizing the need for comprehensive treatment options.

    The 2020 presidential election is just over a year away.

    Ahead of the much-anticipated event, the Mental Health for U.S. coalition posed 11 questions about mental health and substance use disorder to the presidential hopefuls.

    Not every candidate answered, including former Vice President Joe Biden, former Massachusetts governor Bill Weld (a Republican) and President Donald Trump.

    But among the six who did, we focused on question number 2: “Every hour, eight people in America die of drug overdose, from opioids and increasingly from other drugs as well. What would your administration do to turn the tide on the addiction crisis?”

    Holding Big Pharma Accountable

    U.S. Senators Cory Booker, Kamala Harris and Bernie Sanders said they would hold drug manufacturers and distributors accountable for their role in exacerbating the drug crisis.

    “This epidemic, caused by the greed of pharmaceutical companies, is ravaging communities across America,” said Sanders.

    “Our response to the addiction crisis must start by tackling the very thing that fueled it in the first place: reckless pharmaceutical companies that marketed dangerous drugs they knew could be highly addictive in order to profit,” said Harris.

    “In the Senate, I called for bringing pharmaceutical CEOs to Capitol Hill to testify about their role in the opioid crisis,” said Booker.

    Investing In A Solution

    Booker and Harris referred to their co-sponsorship of the Comprehensive Addiction Resources Emergency (CARE) Act. The legislation would “authorize $100 billion over 10 years to combat drug addiction and funnel money to cities, counties and states… to boost spending on addiction treatment, harm reduction services and prevention programs,” as Booker outlined.

    Treat It as a Public Health Crisis

    All of the candidates approached the drug crisis as a public health issue, emphasizing the need for comprehensive treatment options.

    Mayor Pete Buttigieg emphasized expanding access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT), the “gold standard” of treatment for opioid use disorder.

    Sen. Amy Klobuchar, using funding from her opioid tax, would expand prevention and treatment initiatives, including mental health support, “giving Americans a path to sustainable recovery.”

    Sanders would guarantee substance use disorder and mental health services through Medicare-for-all, which emphasizes health care “as a right, not a privilege.”

    Other elements of the candidates’ plans included investing in the research of opioid alternatives for pain management, harm reduction programs like syringe exchange, and ensuring the availability of mental health and substance use disorder services for incarcerated individuals, a demographic of people mired by these issues.

    Addressing Trauma 

    Sen. Elizabeth Warren’s response stood out from the rest. She focused her strategy on addressing the root causes of substance use disorder and mental illness: trauma.

    “To start, we need to support our very youngest,” she said. “We know that adverse childhood experiences, like poverty, homelessness, violence in the community or in the home, family separation, or a caretaker with a substance use disorder, can affect brain development and have an impact on mental health in the teen years and beyond. My plans on gun safety, housing, immigration and the opioid crisis confront many of the conditions that can cause childhood trauma.”

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • In Italy, Doctors Recommend Sleep Deprivation For Depression Patients

    In Italy, Doctors Recommend Sleep Deprivation For Depression Patients

    The treatment, which requires patients to stay awake for 36 hours, three times per week, is covered by Italy’s national health service. 

    A good night’s sleep is considered critical for mental, physical and emotional well-being, but a group of doctors in Italy is turning that knowledge on its head, by recommending sleep deprivation as a therapy for bipolar patients who are severely depressed. 

    “It’s absolutely counterintuitive,” Dr. Francesco Benedetti, head of psychiatry at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, told the BBC

    In Benedetti’s unit, patients who have treatment-resistant depression turn to sleep deprivation in hopes of improving their mental health. 

    “They very often come to us and say ‘I’m helpless, nothing can be done.’ And that’s the perfect patient to try this most effective, rapid, shocking treatment to push up their mood,” Benedetti said.

    The Treatment

    The treatment, which requires patients to stay awake for 36 hours three times per week, is covered by Italy’s national health service. 

    Benedetti says that while sleep deprivation can contribute to depression for most people, it can alleviate symptoms for people with bipolar disorder. During the course of the treatment, patients are exposed to bright white light for about 30 minutes in the early-morning hours. That’s when most patients report a change in their mood, Benedetti said. After the treatment, patients are given Lithium, a common treatment for bipolar disorder, to keep their mood elevated. 

    Benedetti claims that the treatment works for 70% of patients. 

    “We see our patients being well after the treatment. They’re staying well. They return to their jobs,” he said. “They came in thinking of suicide, to be clear, and they go home ready to start their job again.”

    The BBC followed four patients, who reported a change after the treatment.

    “These nights, I was a little better. But this morning just awake, I felt that sensation of desperation,” said one patient, Georgio, a man in his sixties who has been battling depression for 20 years. 

    Georgio didn’t think the treatment had worked initially. In fact, he booked electroconvulsive therapy after the fact. But before he could try that, he found his depression was alleviated about a month after the treatment, and he believed that sleep deprivation may be why. 

    Another patient, Norma, said that she first went through sleep deprivation therapy four years ago and experienced an instant change to her bipolar symptoms. 

    “When I left here I felt fantastic,” she said. “I could tell straight away that I was better.”

    Since then, Norma has had two depression flareups, and both times sleep deprivation therapy has helped, she says. 

    However, other mental health experts including John Geddes, head of psychiatry at Oxford University, are skeptical of the treatment and say a controlled study must be done. 

    “When people are developing treatments and are enthusiastic about it all sorts of biases come in,” Geddes said. “We just see this all the time, particularly in the area of mental health. There’s so much to gain from a study of a new treatment.”

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Florida Lawyer To Pay Massive Fine For Telling Clients Marijuana Grow Was Legal

    Florida Lawyer To Pay Massive Fine For Telling Clients Marijuana Grow Was Legal

    The lawyer told his clients that they could legally grow medical marijuana in 2015 even though it would not be legal in the state until 2016.

    Ian Christensen, a lawyer based in Jacksonville, Florida, was ordered to pay former clients nearly $370,000 for telling them that they were legally allowed to grow cannabis in their homes.

    Christensen reportedly told his clients in 2015 that medical marijuana was legal and even provided them with cards that stated they were allowed to use it for medicinal purposes and a yard sign that announced that their homes were being used to grow cannabis.

    Too Early

    The problem was that Florida Amendment 2, which legalized marijuana for medicinal use, was a year away from passage at the time Christensen gave his clients the go-ahead.

    Two such individuals, Scott and Marsha Yandell, were arrested in 2016 for growing marijuana in their home, and subsequently lost their jobs. They sued Christensen in 2016 for lost wages due to their convictions, and won their case in July 2019. Christensen, who also lost his law license, offered no defense, according to court documents.

    According to the Florida Times-Union, Christensen told clients in 2015 that they would not face law enforcement intervention for using or growing medicinal marijuana. A statement on his website explained his position by claiming, “If a patient can prove to a law enforcement officer that cannabis is the safest medication available to treat a diagnosed condition, they are NOT subject to arrest.”

    He also sent a letter to the Florida Sheriff’s Association that outlined his position.

    His Service

    For $800, Christensen would reportedly even provide clients with cards that appeared to give them the right to use cannabis for medicinal purposes, as well as “grow signs” that informed their neighborhoods that their home was being used to cultivate cannabis.

    The Yandells discovered in 2015 that the card’s claim of “official legal certification” was invalid when police were dispatched to their home by a 911 caller who had seen the “grow sign” outside their home. When asked if they were in any legal jeopardy, Christensen reportedly told the couple that they were within their rights to grow cannabis.

    One month later, they discovered this to be untrue when a SWAT team raided their home and arrested the Yandells on charges of possession and trafficking of cannabis in excess of 25 pounds, among other charges.

    The Yandells pled guilty to the charges and accepted three years’ probation as well as a $15,000 fine and 100 hours of community services. They were also sued by their landlord for $25,000 in lost rent and damages to the couple’s home during the raid, and both Scott and Marsha lost their respective jobs as an engineer and nurse—work they had both held for more than a decade.

    The couple sued Christensen in 2016 for lost wages due to their arrests. Court documents showed that Christensen claimed that his decision was based on being “inexperienced, young and naïve” in regard to marijuana-related issues.

    He stopped practicing law in 2015 and lost his license in early 2019. A judge handed down the decision regarding the lost wages in late July 2019.

    According to the Yandells’ new lawyer, Andrew Bonderud, Christensen has shown no indication of voluntarily paying the fee, and no longer lives in Florida. “It will be incumbent upon us to discover assets or discover income sources and to go after them,” he said.

    View the original article at thefix.com

  • Can Air Pollution Affect Mental Health?

    Can Air Pollution Affect Mental Health?

    A new study found evidence to support the idea that air pollution may be indirectly linked to bipolar disorder.

    It’s no secret that air pollution can affect physical health. But new research indicates it can also take a toll on mental health, including an increase in depression and bipolar disorder.  

    National Geographic reported that in the U.S., researchers have discovered that countries with poor air quality (according to the Environmental Protection Agency) had a 27% increase in bipolar disorder and a 6% increase in depression cases. 

    The study was led by University of Chicago geneticist Andrey Rzhetsky, who says it’s important to acknowledge that the study doesn’t prove air pollution leads to mental health problems, but does seem to add to a person’s risk. In London, China and South Korea, similar studies have indicated the same outcome. 

    To come to this conclusion, researchers on Rzhetsky’s team studied data from the U.S. and Denmark. In the U.S., they examined 11 years of health insurance data for 151 million individuals who had claims in four disorders: bipolar disorder, major depression, personality disorder, and schizophrenia. Epilepsy and Parkinson’s were also taken into consideration. 

    Next, the team studied data on country air, water, and land quality from the Environmental Protection Agency. Specifically, they paid attention to the areas where claims and poor air quality overlapped. In doing so, the strongest connection was found between pollution and bipolar disorder. 

    Pollution & Bipolar Disorder

    The researchers also worked with scientists in Denmark. There, researchers looked at childhood air pollution exposure and connection to similar disorders. They found links between pollution and depression and bipolar disorder as well. 

    “These findings add to the current evidence from previous studies of a possible link between air pollution and psychiatric disorders,” Ioannis Bakolis, an epidemiologist from King’s College London who was not involved with the study, tells National Geographic

    However, Bakolis adds that too many variables exist to say there is a definitive link. 

    According to National Geographic, in the past scientists have gained knowledge of air pollution’s effects on the brain through studying rodents and dogs. In 2002 specifically, a study examined pollution from traffic and the impact on feral dogs and concluded that lung, nasal and brain damage were present. 

    “What happens in the brain is something resembling inflammation,” Rzhetsky said. “It results in symptoms that look like depression [in dogs].”

    Rzhetsky notes that it’s important for mental health experts to consider environmental risk factors when it comes to treating patients, and adds that treating such disorders in a clean environment would be “the holy grail.”

    View the original article at thefix.com